单电子效应与单电子晶体管

由于半导体超微细加工技术的发展，在半径为几百ｎｍ的量子点结构上观察到由单个电子的阻塞和隧穿引起的电流振荡，分别称为库仑阻塞，单电子隧穿和库仑振荡，与此效应有关的现象还有库仑台阶，旋转门效应，旋转门器件可利用作为电流标准测量，单电子晶体管将是下世纪大容量存贮器的最好选择，单电子效应的研究将开辟一门新的“人造原子物理学”。     

多岛单电子晶体管的实现及其源漏特性分析

在淀积有纳米间隙栅电极、源电极和漏电极的衬底上生长量子点，制作出多岛结构的单电子晶体管.在77K温度下对源漏特性进行了测试，得到了库仑阻塞特性.并且成功抑制了单岛单电子晶体管中易出现的共隧穿效应，观察到较大的库仑阈值电压.对试验数据进行了分析，阐明了岛的不同结构组态产生的不同输运效果. 关键词： 单电子晶体管 量子点 库仑阻塞     

单岛单电子晶体管的电导分析

基于单电子经典理论,本文通过分析得出了单岛单电子晶体管的源漏电导模型,并对其进行了详细的分析讨论.单岛单电子晶体管的源漏电导随着源漏电压的变化发生周期性的振荡衰减,并随着源漏电压的增大逐渐收敛于本征电导值.源漏电导的这种特性受温度、结电阻、结电容等参数的影响.分析结果表明,源漏电导分析模型对单电子晶体管的大规模应用具有非常重要的意义. 关键词： 单电子晶体管 电导 库仑振荡 库仑阻塞     

单电子晶体管电流解析模型及数值分析

本文首先建立单电子晶体管的电流解析模型, 然后将蒙特卡罗法与主方程法结合进行数值分析, 研究了栅极偏压、漏极偏压、温度与隧道结电阻等参数对器件特性的影响. 结果表明: 对于对称结, 库仑台阶随栅极偏压增大而漂移; 漏极电压增大, 库仑振荡振幅增强, 库仑阻塞则衰减; 温度升高将导致库仑台阶和库仑振荡现象消失. 对于非对称结, 源漏隧道结电阻比率增大, 库仑阻塞现象越明显. 关键词： 单电子晶体管 解析模型 蒙特卡罗法 主方程法     

单电子晶体管通断图及其分析

通过研究单电子晶体管在电路中的静电能量的变化,得到了它的阻塞、导通情况与其两端偏压和控制栅压之间的关系,从而给出了它的通断图.并且发现单电子晶体管的对外特性主要由其对外的总电容决定;而单电子岛两个隧道结电容的不同主要反映在通断图上由隧道结电容所决定的晶体管阻塞、导通边界线上,这两条边界线同时也与外电路有关 关键词： 单电子晶体管 库仑阻塞 隧穿     

库仑阻塞现象及其在纳米电子器件中的应用

对单隧穿结和双隧穿结中的库仑阻塞现象进行了介绍,分析了其中电子隧穿的物理过程;然后探讨在单电子盒中如何利用库仑阻塞控制单电子隧穿的物理原理;最后介绍库仑阻塞效应在单电子晶体管中的具体应用及其发展前景.     

一种新型的高频半导体量子点单电子泵

除了直流负电压外,还在浅法刻蚀出的GaAs/AlGaAs量子线上的两个金属指形门上分别叠加两个相位相差π的正弦信号,从而对形成量子点的两个势垒作不等幅调制.在无源漏偏压的情况下,通过周期形成的量子点实现了单电子的搬运.由于新的半导体量子点单电子泵不是依赖库仑阻塞效应通过隧穿进行单电子输运,因此,该器件就不会受到固定隧穿时间引起的低工作频率限制.在1.7K温度下,频率达到3GHz仍然可以观测到量子化电流平台,对应的电流值达到0.5nA量级.这种新器件提供了实现高速度、高精度搬运单电子的另一种可能途径. 关键词： 单电子输运 单电子旋转门 单电子泵 量子化电流平台     

用扫描隧道显微术实现室温下的单电子隧穿效应

单电子隧穿效应通常只能在低温下实现。最近，采用扫描隧道显微术在纳米尺度的范围内实现了室温单电子隧穿，清晰地观察到了库仑阻塞现象和库仑阶梯特性。这是单电子隧穿研究中的重大进展，将在简要叙术单电子隧穿物理过程的基础上予以介绍。     

库仑阻塞、单电子相关隧穿与单电子晶体管

 越来越多的人相信,发展新一代在原理上全新的电子器件是下一世纪电子工业的希望所在.在这一方面,近年来已有一个又一个的量子器件原型见诸报道;还有更多的设想和建议不断被提出来,引起人们浓厚的兴趣.现在,又有一种新型小尺寸器件--单电子晶体管在在向我们招手.根据这种器件的发展前景,有人甚至提出了单电子学这一崭新的学科.单电子晶体管是与库仑阻塞这一著名的物理现象联系在一起的.     

基于库仑阻塞原理的多值存储器

设计了一种基于库仑阻塞原理的新型单电子多值存储器.器件包括两个多隧穿结结构和一个单电子晶体管，其中单电子晶体管起到一个静电计的作用来实现数据的读取.两个隧穿结库仑阻塞区域的大小不同使得器件具有三个稳定的存储状态.利用这个原理可以制备出多值的动态随机存储器和非挥发性的随机存储器.这种低功耗的单电子多值存储器可以实现信息的超高密度存储. 关键词： 库仑阻塞 单电子晶体管     

Graphene based single molecule nanojunction

We introduce the ab-initio framework for zigzag-edged graphene fragment based single-electron transistor (SET) operating in the Coulomb blockade regime. Graphene is modeled using the density-functional theory and the environment is described by a continuum model. The interaction between graphene and the SET environment is treated self-consistently through the Poisson equation. We calculate the charging energy as a function of an external gate potential, and from this we obtain the charge stability diagram. Specifically, the importance of including re-normalization of the charge states due to the polarization of the environment has been demonstrated.     

单电子晶体管与金属氧化物半导体混合电路构造的一维离散混沌系统研究

基于单电子晶体管与金属氧化物半导体混合结构构造出一种一维离散混沌系统. 研究了单电子晶体管与金属氧化物半导体串联混合结构的电压传输特性,并建立了相应的N型分段线性函数模型. 基于该模型实现了一维离散映射系统,分析了它的一维映射过程、分岔图和Lyapunov指数谱等动力学特性. 最后利用单电子晶体管与金属氧化物半导体混合电路设计出该离散混沌系统的电路结构,仿真验证与理论分析一致. 研究结果表明,利用单电子晶体管与金属氧化物半导体混合结构设计的离散混沌电路不仅结构非常简单,功耗很低, 而且有利于混沌系统的集成和应用.     

基于硅锗异质结的二维量子点阵列的制备与表征

硅基半导体量子点中的自旋量子比特近几年来发展迅速,其单比特门与两比特门操作保真度已经突破了容错量子计算的阈值.在此基础上,如何构建硅基量子点二维阵列变得广受学界关注,然而二维阵列复杂的结构在器件制备和测量上均带来挑战.本文设计并成功制备了一种Si/SiGe异质结上的2×4结构八量子点二维阵列器件.借助输运测量方法测量了八量子点器件的全部电荷稳定性相图,并进一步地使用电荷感应调制测量方法得到了器件内的少电子区电荷稳定性相图,说明了对量子点电荷态的高灵敏度探测能力.此外,通过调控势垒电极展示了对量子点间隧穿耦合的调控作用并测量了多量子点耦合的电荷稳定性相图.本文的研究结果展示了使用Si/SiGe异质结构建自旋量子比特二维阵列的潜力,为未来硅量子点二维阵列的进一步扩展提供经验与参考.     

对称双弹簧振子受迫、有阻尼横振动的混沌行为

对受周期外力驱动的对称双弹簧振子进行了研究,建立了系统的动力学方程,用线性稳定性分析方法讨论了平衡点附近邻域的稳定性,利用数值计算并结合多种分析方法,求解非线性方程和判断解的性质.通过改变系统参数,画出时域图、相图及分岔图等.计算分析和数值实验发现,这个简单的力学系统存在十分丰富的动力学行为(分岔、混沌).理论分析和数值实验结果一致.     

Single-electron transistor with an island formed by several dopant phosphorus atoms

We present the results of an experimental study of electron transport through individual phosphorus dopants implanted into a silicon crystal. We developed an original technique for single-electron transistor fabrication from silicon-on-insulator material with an island formed by single phosphorus atoms. The proposed method is based on well-known CMOS compatible technological processes that are standard in semiconductor electronics and may be used in most research groups. The large Coulomb blockade energy value of the investigated single-electron transistor (～20 meV) allows one to observe single-electron effects in a wide temperature range up to 77 K. We measured and analyzed stability diagrams of fabricated experimental structures. We demonstrated a single-electron transistor with controllable electron transport through two to three phosphorus dopants only.     

Background charges and quantum effects in quantum dots transport spectroscopy

We extend a simple model of a charge trap coupled to a single-electron box to energy ranges and parameters such that it gives new insights and predictions readily observable in many experimental systems. We show that a single background charge is enough to give lines of differential conductance in the stability diagram of the quantum dot, even within undistorted Coulomb diamonds. It also suppresses the current near degeneracy of the impurity charge, and yields negative differential lines far from this degeneracy. We compare this picture to two other accepted explanations for lines in diamonds, based respectively on the excitation spectrum of a quantum dot and on fluctuations of the density-of-states in the contacts. In order to discriminate between these models, we emphasize the specific features related to environmental charge traps. Finally we show that our model accounts very well for all the anomalous features observed in silicon nanowire quantum dots.     

III–V quantum devices and circuits based on nanoscale Schottky gate control of hexagonal quantum wire networks

The concept, the present status, key issues and future prospects of a novel hexagonal binary decision diagram (BDD) quantum circuit approach for III–V quantum large-scale integrated circuits (QLSIs) are presented and discussed. In this approach, the BDD logic circuits are implemented on III–V semiconductor-based hexagonal nanowire networks controlled by nanoscale Schottky gates. The hexagonal BDD QLSIs can operate at delay-power products near the quantum limit in the quantum regime as well as in the many-electron classical regime. To demonstrate the feasibility of the present approach, GaAs Schottky wrap gate (WPG)-based single-electron BDD node devices and their integrated circuits were fabricated and their proper operations were confirmed. Selectively grown InGaAs sub-10 nm quantum wires and their hexagonal networks have been investigated to form high-density hexagonal BDD QLSIs operating in the quantum regime at room temperature.     

Particle-size effects in single-electron tunnel systems

It is seen that in single-electron systems with finite-size particle distributions there is a direct correlation between a given distribution and its single-electron conductance peak spacing. In this paper we discuss the geometry, capacitance, and size distribution of particles in single-electron tunnel systems, the latter two as manifest in their tunneling characteristics.     

Attosecond high-temperature subnanometer single electronics on transition-metal atoms

Discrete electron tunneling through transition-metal atoms is considered. It is emphasized that a metal grain in the known single-electron systems can be replaced by a d-or f-atom. A response speed within the attosecond range, a working temperature on the order of the melting point of refractory substances, and an atomic level of integration are attainable in this case. Experimental realizations of single-electron solid-state structures with d-or f-atoms are discussed.     

Multiple-valued logic devices using single-electron circuits

Multiple-valued logic devices can be constructed compactly by utilizing quantized behavior of single-electron circuits. As an example, a single-electron multiple-valued Hopfield network solving optimization problems is designed. Computer simulation shows that the network can successfully converge to its optimal state that represents the solution to the problem.