利用无网格伽辽金法分析材料稳态蠕变问题

稳态蠕变是高温环境下材料的一个重要的考虑问题,它也是材料破坏的一种重要形式。由于存在划分网格,利用传统有限元法模拟稳态蠕变有一定的不足之处。作为一种新兴的数值模拟方法,无网格法不需要划分单元,只需将求解问题离散成独立的结点,计算过程可以局部细化。利用连续介质的虚功原理,将无网格伽辽金法应用于稳态蠕变的数值模拟,推导了稳态蠕变的无网格伽辽金法控制方程。利用罚参数来实现稳态蠕变的不可压缩条件和本质边界条件,能够保证求解过程中刚度矩阵的对称正定性。通过实例的计算结果表明,无网格伽辽金法在求解稳态蠕变时具有较高的计算精度,结果与理论解结果吻合,而且前后处理较为简单。     

光滑扩展有限元方法及其特点研究

将光滑有限元法S-FEM（Smoothed Finite Element Method）的子域光滑应变技术和边域光滑应变技术同时引入到扩展有限元XFEM（Extended Finite Element Method）中，提出一种新的光滑扩展有限元法S-XFEM（Smoothed Extended Finite Element Method）。在单元选取及扩充结点选取时采用ES-FEM的光滑域划分方式，在数值积分计算刚度矩阵时采用基于三角形子域的CS-FEM积分思路，并给出了高斯点的积分策略。设计了S-XFEM程序架构并利用Matlab语言编制了S-XFEM计算程序。通过几个经典算例研究对比了XFEM和S-XFEM的特点，验证了S-XFEM的精确性和适用性。结果表明，XFEM和S-XFEM均具有很高的计算精确性和收敛性，XFEM计算精度略高于S-XFEM，而S-XFEM在网格独立性上则明显优于XFEM。     

A regular boundary element method for fluid flow

The Boundary Element Method is now well established as a valid numerical technique for the solution of field problems, equal to the Finite Element Method in generality and surpassing it in computational efficiency in some cases.¹ In this paper is presented a 'Regular Boundary Element Method' as applied to inviscid laminar fluid flow problems. It involves the formation of a system of regular integral equations obtained by moving the singularity outside the domain of the given problem. It is also shown that non-conforming elements may be used whereby freedoms are not defined at the geometric nodes under the boundary element discretization. A linear element is developed here; higher order variants could easily be defined. Satisfactory numerical results have been obtained using the proposed regular method with both conventional (continuous across the boundary) and non-conforming boundary elements for two-dimensional inviscid laminar fluid flow problems having regular and singular solutions.     

On the numerical convergence and performance of different spatial discretization techniques for transient elastodynamic wave propagation problems

We present a systematic investigation of several discretization approaches for transient elastodynamic wave propagation problems. This comparison includes a Finite Difference, a Finite Volume, a Finite Element, a Spectral Element and the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method. Numerical examples are given for simple geometries with normalized parameters, for heterogeneous materials as well as for structures with arbitrarily shaped material interfaces. General conclusions regarding the accuracy of the methods are presented. Based on the essential numerical examples an expansion of the results to a wide range of problems and thus to numerous fields of application is possible.     

伽辽金型无网格法的数值积分方法

无网格法直接通过节点信息构造形函数,不依赖于节点之间的有序单元连接,能够建立任意高阶连续的整体协调形函数。与传统的有限元法相比,无网格法对大变形问题、移动边界问题和高阶问题的求解方面有比较明显的优势。伽辽金型无网格法是目前应用最为广泛的一类无网格法。虽然无网格形函数本身不依赖于单元,但伽辽金型无网格法需要采取合适的方法进行弱形式的数值积分。由于无网格形函数一般不是多项式,具有非插值性且影响域与背景积分网格通常不重合,伽辽金型无网格法通常需要采用高阶的高斯积分进行数值积分,导致了计算效率低下,难于求解大型实际问题。因此,如何通过建立高效积分方法提高无网格法的计算效率成为无网格法研究领域的一个核心问题。本文对无网格法中强制边界条件的施加方法进行了简要归纳,总结了伽辽金型无网格法中若干常用的数值积分方法,并对伽辽金型无网格法的数值积分方法领域存在的一些问题进行了探讨。     

改进的平均源边界节点法模拟平面位势问题

平均源边界节点法ASBNM是一种最近提出的边界型无网格法。该方法仅使用边界节点不涉及任何单元和积分的概念,具有方法简单和程序设计容易等特点。但是,对于依赖于边界积分方程的边界型无网格法,关键问题是如何准确高效地估计影响矩阵的对角元。本文提出直接计算影响矩阵对角元的方法,是已有ASBNM法的改进,将对角元的计算转化为一个纯几何问题,因此适用于任何二维边值问题。数值算例证明了本文方法的有效性和准确性。     

三维弹塑性自然单元法算法实现

自然单元法是一种新兴的无网格数值计算方法,其实质是基于自然相邻插值(C∞)的伽辽金法。该方法计算精度与四边形或六面体单元有限元法相当,自然相邻插值函数比其他无网格法插值函数的计算速度快。由于自然相邻插值在凸域的边界上的相邻点之间是严格线性的,所以自然单元法在边界面的处理也相当简单。本文研究了在自然单元法中采用Von.Mises,Mohr-Coulomb和Drucker-Prager屈服准则解决三维弹塑性问题,并编制了相应计算程序,最后通过算例验证算法的正确性。     

无网格法研究进展及其应用

从加权残量法的角度出发，系统地总结了现有各种无网格法的基本格式，阐明了无网格法的特点，论述了无网格法的研究进展，给出了无网格法在碰撞、动态裂纹扩展、金属加工成型、流体力学以及其它领域中的应用。     

Analysis of 2-D thin structures by the meshless regular hybrid boundary node method

Thin structures are generally solved by the Finite Element Method (FEM), using plate or shell finite elements which have many limitations in applications, such as numerical locking, edge effects, length scaling and the envergence problem. Recently, by proposing a new approach to treating the nearly-singular integrals, Liu et al. developed a BEM to successfully solve thin structures with the thickness-to-length ratios in the micro- or nano-scales. On the other hand, the meshless Regular Hybrid Boundary Node Method (RHBNM), which is proposed by the current authors and based on a modified functional and the Moving Least-Square (MLS) approximation, has very promising applications for engineering problems owing to its meshless nature and dimension-reduction advantage, and not involving any singular or nearly-singular integrals. Test examples show that the RHBNM can also be applied readily to thin structures with high accuracy without any modification.     

移动荷载作用下地基动力分析的有限元方法

通过对地基动力问题的基本方程进行变换,把基本方程变换到随荷载移动的运动坐标系中,通过加权残数法推导了相应的单元刚度矩阵,从而建立了移动问题的有限元格式,并发现移动荷载问题的单元刚度矩阵是对相应静力问题单元刚度矩阵的修正,在静力单元刚度矩阵的主对角元素上增加与移动速度有关的项,即可得到移动问题有限元的单元刚度矩阵,这样就将动力学问题转化为“拟静力”问题处理。文中用移动问题有限元方法计算了地基的动力响应,并与解析解进行了对比,以说明本方法具有较好的精度。     

A stabilized formulation for the advection–diffusion equation using the Generalized Finite Element Method

This paper presents a stable formulation for the advection–diffusion equation based on the Generalized (or eXtended) Finite Element Method, GFEM (or X‐FEM). Using enrichment functions that represent the exponential character of the exact solution, smooth numerical solutions are obtained for problems with steep gradients and high Péclet numbers in one‐ and two‐dimensions. In contrast with traditional stabilized methods that require the construction of stability parameters and stabilization terms, the present work avoids numerical instabilities by improving the classical Galerkin solution with enrichment functions (that need not be polynomials) using GFEM, which is an instance of the partition of unity framework. This work also presents a strategy for constructing enrichment functions for problems involving complex geometries by employing a global–local‐type approach. Representative numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct Numerical Simulation of particulate flow with heat transfer

Numerical simulations of heat transfer in non-isothermal particulate flows are important to better understand the flow pattern. The complexity of numerical algorithms coupling the heat and mass transfer and the considerable computational resources required limit the number of such direct simulations that can be reasonably performed. We suggest a Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain (DLM/FD) method to compute the temperature distribution and the heat exchange between the fluid and solid phases. The Boussinesq approximation is considered for the flow/temperature fields coupling. We employ a Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve the fluid flow conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy. The motion of particles is computed by a Discrete Element Method (DEM). On each particle, heat transfer is solved using a FEM. For each class of particles, we generate a single FEM grid and translate/rotate it at each time step to match the physical configuration of each particle. Distributed Lagrange multipliers for both the velocity and temperature fields are introduced to treat the fluid/solid interaction. This work is an extension of the method we proposed in Yu et al. (2006). Two two-dimensional (2D) test cases are proposed to validate the implementation by comparing our computational results with those reported in the literature. Finally, the sedimentation of a single sphere in a semi-infinite channel is presented and the results are discussed.     

有限元计算中疏密网格过渡方法研究

工程计算中出于节省计算量的目的,往往需要在一个有限元模型中布置粗细不同的网格。为保证计算结果的准确性,必须保证网格突变情况下的位移协调问题。本文工作之一是在强天驰界面过渡单元的基础上,引入虚拟节点和子单元,在子单元中应用节理元思想,提出了基于最小势能原理的弹簧节理单元法。简化了积分运算,避免了精度要求极高的坐标转换,从而提高了方法的精度和实用性;二是提出了基于位移约束的主从自由度法,简便实用,只需简单的矩阵运算即可实现。两种方法均实现了不同尺寸网格间位移的协调性和刚度的匹配,从而使之满足有限元收敛准则,且生成的刚度阵具有对称性及带状性。算例证明两种方法精度良好,并可方便地应用于求解大规模工程问题。     

A time splitting fictitious domain algorithm for fluid–structure interaction problems (A fictitious domain algorithm for FSI)

A Finite Element Method in mixed Eulerian and Lagrangian formulation is developed to allow direct numerical simulations of dynamical interaction between an incompressible fluid and a hyper-elastic incompressible solid. A Fictitious Domain Method is applied so that the fluid is extended inside the deformable solid volume and the velocity field in the entire computational domain is resolved in an Eulerian framework. Solid motion, which is tracked in a Lagrangian framework, is imposed through the body force acting on the fluid within the solid boundaries. Solid stress smoothing on the Lagrangian mesh is performed with the Zienkiewicz–Zhu patch recovery method. High-order Gaussian integration quadratures over cut elements are used in order to avoid sub-meshing within elements in the Eulerian mesh that are intersected by the Lagrangian grid. The algorithm is implemented and verified in two spatial dimensions by comparing with the well validated simulations of solid deformation in a lid driven cavity and periodic elastic wall deformation driven by a time-dependent flow. It shows good agreement with the numerical results reported in the literature. In 3-D the method is validated against previously reported numerical simulations of 3-D rhythmically contracting alveolated ducts.     

基于Delaunay三角化的无网格法计算结果后处理

最近新发展起来的无网格方法由于不需要显式网格，节省了网格生成所需的大量时间，并且避免了网格畸变问题，所以在处理一些特殊问题如移动边界、大变形、高梯度等方面显示出特殊的优越性。但另一方面也使得计算结果的全域后处理遇到困难。提出了一种基于Delaunay三角形背景网格的实用无网格计算结果后处理方法，以无网格离散节点为顶点生成Delaunay三角形，将无网格法计算得到的节点应力值映射插值得到三角形内的应力场云图颜色。给出的二维线弹性应力分析算例表明方法可靠实用。     

A conformal decomposition finite element method for modeling stationary fluid interface problems

A method is developed for modeling fluid transport in domains that do not conform to the finite element mesh. One or more level set functions are used to describe the fluid domain. A background, non‐conformal mesh is decomposed into elements that conform to the level set interfaces. Enrichment takes place by adding nodes that lie on the interfaces. Unlike other enriched finite element methods, the proposed technique requires no changes to the underlying element assembly, element interpolation, or element quadrature. The complexity is entirely contained within the element decomposition routines. It is argued that the accuracy of the method is no less than that for eXtended Finite Element Methods (XFEM) with Heaviside enrichment. The accuracy is demonstrated using multiple numerical tests. In all cases, optimal rates of convergence are obtained for both volume and surface quantities. Jacobi preconditioning is shown to remove the ill‐conditioning that may result from the nearly degenerate conformal elements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

薄膜断裂和穿透的向量式有限元分析及应用

向量式有限元基于牛顿运动定律,通过质点描述和向量分析来求解整体结构的动力响应。首先,给出了向量式有限元三角形薄膜单元的基本理论,进而针对薄膜结构的断裂和穿透破坏过程,提出相应解决方案。对于薄膜断裂问题,采用Mises应力状态变量达到失效应力限值作为断裂判据,通过质点分裂方式将相连单元的对应节点断开,并对分裂后的新质点进行状态更新来模拟其断裂过程;对于薄膜穿透问题,则同时结合碰撞和断裂过程模拟来实现。在此基础上,编制了薄膜结构的断裂和穿透求解计算程序,算例分析表明,程序可很好地完成薄膜结构的大变形大转动、断裂和穿透等不连续行为的模拟,验证了理论及程序的可靠性和有效性,体现了本文方法进行薄膜结构复杂不连续行为分析的优势。     

固体力学应力分析中的有限域法

本文给出了用有限域法进行了和学应力分析的一般原理，并与目前广泛采用的有限元不做了比较。文中的研究表明：有限域法与有限元法极为相似，前者使用单位位移加权，后者从虚位移原理出发；两种方法的实施过程也有共同点，它们都进行网络部分及逼近。     

基于扩展有限元的地质聚合物混凝土断裂过程研究

扩展有限元法是基于常规有限元框架分析裂纹等不连续力学问题的一种有效数值方法,在常规的有限元位移表达式中,增加了能够反映位移不连续性的跳跃函数和渐进缝尖位移场函数来对不连续结构附近的节点自由度进行局部加强。本文介绍了扩展有限元法及粘聚力模型的基本原理,给出了基于扩展有限元法的地质聚合物混凝土断裂过程分析方法。分别采用四种不同的软化曲线对I型缺口地质聚合物混凝土梁从裂纹萌生、扩展直至断裂破坏的全过程进行了模拟,并基于双K断裂准则分析了其断裂韧性。结果表明,Petersson模型与试验结果吻合较好,最后基于模拟结果进一步揭示了断裂过程区的演化过程。     

滑移爆轰问题无网格MPM法数值模拟

利用MPM(material point method)计算方法,以爆炸焊接作为实例,对炸药滑移爆轰过程和金属飞板与基板之间的碰撞变形进行了数值模拟.并将无网格MPM法的数值计算结果与近似解析公式的计算结果进行了比较,二者基本吻合,有力地证明了无网格MPM法在求解爆炸冲击问题中的有效性和健壮性.