振动时效激振频率选择的探讨

振动时效激振频率的选择应综合考虑残余应力的集中程度、振动时效后残余应力分布及降低程度.对于结构简单,残余应力集中的构件,振动时效后要得到较低的残余应力状态,应选用较大的激振力,较低的激振频率.对于结构复杂.残余应力不集中的构件,宜采用较低的激振力和较高的振动频率.     

振动时效因素及其最佳工艺参数选择

振动处理调整金属(或非金属)构件内部残余应力,稳定工件尺寸,在国内外得到应用。我们通过对普通车床的床身铸件采用正交试验的方法,取得了振动时效最佳工艺参数,对振动时效工艺推广应用有一定的参考意义。振动时效因素振动时效(振动处理)过程中有激振时间,激振频率,激振力,激振动应力,激振器在被振工件上安装情况,激振点个数,激振阶数,工件在振动时支承方式以及采用的支承材料等因素。这些因素对振动处理效果有的起决定性作用,有的影响比较小。     

TZ21智能型振动时效装置——新一代高效节能设备

振动时效工艺，国外称为“VSR”方法，是利用共振原理消除和均化金属构件内部残余应力的一种方式，并可取代传统的自然时效和热时效的一种新技术，广泛用于对铸件、锻件、焊接件等金属构件的时效处理，具有高效节能、无三废污染、设备投资少、占用场地小和操作简便等显著优点。其工作方式如图1所示。图1振动时效工作示意图该激振器是将带有偏心轮的电动机刚性地联接在被振工件上，随着电机转动，偏心轮产生垂直方向的周期激振力，使被振工件在其固有的频率上振动30min左右，即可达到消除或均化工件残余应力、稳定尺寸精度的目的。随着振动…     

振动时效微观机理研究

从残余应力产生的本质入手，通过位错理论分析得出振动时效的微观激振力的必要条件，振动消除残余应力方法使工件尺寸稳定性提高的要质原因是振动导致的材料内部位错密度的增加、位错分布均匀化和位错相互钉扎，从而使振前能动位错变成振后的相对固定位错所致。     

内燃机曲轴振动时效工艺分析与装置设计

分析了振动时效处理消除曲轴残余应力效果不好的原因,以某型号内燃机曲轴为研究对象,设计了新的工艺和装置,对采用该工艺的振动时效处理装置进行计算机仿真.分析结果表明,该工艺和装置能够在偏心激振器的激振频率范围内使曲轴产生共振,可有效消除曲轴的残余应力,对大批量曲轴生产中振动时效工艺的制定提供了一定的理论依据,具有一定工程意义.     

基于VB和Matlab混编的振动时效系统研究

针对现有部分振动时效控制系统存在的灵活性差、自动化程度低等问题,对振动时效系统中的数据采集、激振电机控制、变频器控制等方面问题进行了研究,对频谱分析法判定工件固有频率的理论依据进行了推导。采用VB和Matlab混编构建了振动时效控制系统,结合数据采集卡、变频器和激振电机等,开发出了振动时效系统。设计了包括数据采集模块和激振电机模块等硬件系统以及包括人机交互界面、扫频模块、频谱分析模块和时效处理模块的控制系统。利用振动时效前后残余应力实测对比法,对振动时效效果进行了定量评定。研究结果表明,经过该系统处理的试件残余应力平均下降了46.62%,达到了振动时效消除残余应力标准,证明了系统的有效性;并且该系统开发周期短、自动化程度较高。     

超声振动时效可行性分析及实验研究

经过冷、热加工的金属零件表面和内部会存在残余应力,目前消除残余应力的振动时效技术主要是频率低于200Hz的低频振动,而对高频振动时效(大于1000Hz而小于15kHz)和超声振动时效(15kHz以上)的研究很少。对于固有频率较高的小型工件进行有效的时效处理成为目前亟待解决的问题之一。利用压力机对小型杆件施加集中荷载来模拟残余应力的形成,通过对超声振动激振应力计算和实验杆件中残余应力的计算,并从超声振动时效原理上进行实验的可行性分析。最后进行实验分析,即利用残余曲率计算出残余应力并进行时效效果分析,结果表明超声振动时效对小型工件的残余应力的消除有很明显的效果。为以后的超声振动时效研究奠定了理论及实验基础。     

振动时效技术在油田机械制造中的应用

随着现代油田机械制造技术的不断改善,振动时效技术在油田制造工艺层面上有了重点改善。其中在激振力大小、激振频率和激振时间上有了重新的划分,使其激振频率与固有频率的误差在允许条件下,实现最大限度的降低残余应力,保证油田机械设备的稳定性。笔者在此进行了详细分析,以便于提供可参考性的依据。     

振动时效消除应力的应用

振动时效(缩写VSR)又称振动消除应力，旨在通过控制激振器的激振频率，使工件发生共振(最多数十分钟)，让工件产生适当的交变运动并吸收部分能量，以致内部发生微观粘弹塑性力学变化，从而降低工件的局部峰值应力和均化工件的残余应力场，最终防止工件的变形与开裂，保证装配尺寸稳定性。振动时效机理是由于振动过程中金属材料内部的位错滑移产生微观塑性变形，使残余应力得以释放。     

高强度钢板残余应力振动时效消减技术试验研究

根据振动时效(Vibration stress relief,VSR)原理,采用高频振动台作为振动时效的激振装置,设计安装于振动试验台、用于给钢板施加面内拉伸载荷的钢板张力加载机构,在实验室搭建出钢板振动时效试验研究平台,对振动时效消除高强度钢板残余应力的有效性进行试验研究。在VSR处理前后采用X射线衍射方法对马氏体高强度钢板和试验对照用T2镀锡基板的表面残余应力分布进行测量表征,并同时对试样的板形瓢曲和翘曲程度做了测量。研究结果表明,所设计的振动时效试验平台可以实现带张力工况下的钢板同频激振;在一定的激振频率和时间的振动时效处理后,两种试验钢板的残余应力均得到一定程度的消减和均匀化,但是对于板形瓢曲和翘曲缺陷基本没有改变;相对而言,马氏体高强度钢板的时效效果明显弱于T2镀锡基板;试验结果可以反映材料强度对于振动时效效应的显著影响和振动时效对于板形瓢曲及翘曲缺陷的微弱影响。     

A study of the development of the stress optic law of photoelastic experiment considering residual stress

Photoelastic experiment has two significant problems. The first problem is manufacturing a model specimen for complicated shapes of structures. The second problem is residual stress contained in the photoelastic model material. In this paper, the stress optic law that can be effecitvely used on photoelastic model materials with residual stress is developed. By using the stress optic law as developed in this research, we can obtain good results in photoelastic experiments using model material in which residual stress is contained. It is assured that the stress optic law developed in this research is useful. Therefore, it is suggested that the stress optic law considering residual stress can be applied to the photoelastic experiment for the stress analysis of the composite materials or bi-materials in which the residual stress is easily contained.     

Prediction of residual stress distribution in multi-stacked thin film by curvature measurement and iterative FEA

In this study, residual stress distribution in multi-stacked film by MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical System) process is predicted using Finite Element method FEMi. We develop a finite element program for residual stress analysis (RESA) in multi-stacked film. The RESA predicts the distribution of residual stress field in multi-stacked film. Curvatures of multistacked film and single layers which consist of the multi-stacked film are used as the input to the RESA. To measure those curvatures is easier than to measure a distribution of residual stress. To verify the RESA. mean stresses and stress gradients of single and multilayers are measured. The mean stresses are calculated from curvatures of deposited wafer by using Stoney’s equation. The stress gradients are calculated from the vertical deflection at the end of cantilever beam. To measure the mean stress of each layer in multi-stacked film, we measure the curvature of wafer with the left film after etching layer by layer in multi-stacked film.     

高精度薄壁轴承圈组件的加工应力变形分析及加工工艺

分析论述了轴承圈组件的加工变形问题。针对零件特点,从工艺安排上采取必要措施保证零件加工精度,通过控制工件热处理变形和加工应力变形,保证了淬硬层的硬度和厚度满足要求。通过设计专用球头测量仪,解决了组合件的测量难题。     

Boundary Lubrication with Tricresylphosphate (TCP). Importance of Corrosive Wear

The wear of 52100 steel in boundary lubrication condition is controlled by the formation of nonhomogeneous, thin films. When tricresylphosphate is used as an antiwear additive, the buildup of the film is due to a chemical reaction process involving the bearing surface and the lubrication on or near the bearing surface.

A plane-on-plane-type tribometer using a 52100 steel specimen was used to determine the rate of wear and to follow the development of films by the use of the electrical contact resistance method. The results are correlated with the chemical analysis of the additive (polarographic method), with surface analysis of the film (AES and XPS spectroscopies) and finally with the surface topography (surface replicas and electron transmission spectroscopy).

During the mild wear test, several phases of wear are evidenced and the observed relation with TCP decomposition suggests a corrosive wear model proposed in the discussion. Explanations of observed phenomena are offered. (ECR increase, wear reduction, film formation).     

一侧有圆角过渡的矩形截面悬臂梁应力集中系数的计算

一侧带有圆角过渡的矩形截面悬臂梁受力时，圆角处存在应力集中现象。应力集中系数一般由实验确定或由弹性力学方法求出。文中通过对构件圆角处应力的分析，应用材料力学方法，推导出一种计算应力集中系数的方法，比弹性力学方法简便，并与实际相符。     

基于开槽法的毛坯内应力释放数值研究

为研究开槽法对毛坯工件加工变形的影响,分析了材料去除与加工变形的关系,解释了开槽法释放应力的基本原理。建立了开槽宽度、深度、位置等参数与释放变形量的表达式并进行了开槽参数优化。利用有限元法对优化的开槽参数进行了验证,仿真结果表明优化后的开槽参数能够比非优化的参数释放更多的应力。     

Finite crack propagation in a micropolar elastic solid

The dynamic propagation of a finite crack under mode-1 loading in a micropolar elastic solid is investigated. By using an integral transform method, a pair of two-dimensional singular integral equations governing stress and couple stress is formulated in terms of displacement transverse to the crack, macro and micro rotations, and microinertia. These equations are solved numerically, and solutions for dynamic stress intensity and couple stress intensity factors are obtained by utilizing the values of the strengths of the square root singularities in macrorotation and the gradient of microrotation at the crack tips. The motion of the crack tips and the load on the crack surface are not prescribed in the formulation of the problem. Therefore, the method of solution is applicable to nonuniform rates of propagation of a crack under an arbitrary time-dependent load on the crack surface. As an example, the diffraction of a micropolar dilatational wave by a stationary crack is considered. The behavior of the microrotation field and the dynamic couple stress intensity factor, influenced by microinertia, in addition to the dynamic stress intensity factor, are examined. The classical elasticity solution for the corresponding problem arises as a special case when the micropolar moduli are dropped from the present solution.     

FEM analysis of plasticity-induced error on measurement of welding residual stress by the contour method

The contour method relies on deformations that occur when a residually stressed component is cut along a plane. The method is based on the elastic superposition principle. When plasticity is involved in the relaxation process, stress error in the resulting measurement of residual stress would be caused. During the cutting the specimen is constrained at a location along the cut so that deformations are restrained as much as possible during cutting. With proper selection of the constraining location the plasticity effect can also be minimized. Typical patterns of longitudinal welding residual stress state were taken to assess the plasticity effect along with constraining locations.     

基于ANSYS的固定管板式换热器的热应力分析及评定

应用ANSYS有限元分析软件对固定管板式换热器进行热应力分析及评定。由应力强度云图可知最大应力强度发生在管板锻件的管程侧过渡圆角处。设定3条应力评定路径,进行线性化处理,在内压与热载荷作用下,对各路径上的一次加二次应力进行评定,得到应力评定结果。