试论卢梭的自然主义体育思想对近代学校体育发展的影响

在黑暗的中世纪，教会的教育体系和禁欲主义的身体观严重阻碍了体育运动的开展，所谓文明的枷锁下的人心，陷入一片沉闷。法国革命前夕，卢梭等启蒙巨子们发动了一场推崇理性、反对教会权威和封建制度的思想革命运动，预示着欧洲资产阶级革命风暴的来临，也开启了一个新的体育时代，初步形成了近代体育系思想的理论体系。让·雅克·卢梭（Jena·Jaeques·Rousseau，1712—1778），这位启蒙运动的伟大旗手，对近世宗教、社会、文化、教育的改革，都做出了不朽的贡献，卢梭提出的自然主义体育思想既突破了传统的体育观，又为近代体育思想的开创立下了丰功伟绩，但仍不排除其局限性。笔者从卢梭自然体育思想的形成入手，分析了其自然主义体育思想的主要内容及局限性，从而探讨其对学校体育发展的影响，以期为学校体育研究者提供有意义的借鉴。

Influence of Rousseau's Naturalism Sports Ideas on Modern School Physical Education Development

In the gloomy medieval time, the education system and asceticism of church severely restricted the development of sports movement. The eve of France - revolution, Rousseau launched a campaign on call for logos and fight for authority and feudalization. This movement indicated the coming of bourgeoisie in Europe and opened the new sports times. The naturalism sports ideas put forward by Rousseau not only breaks through the traditional physical education concept, but also makes great progress on modem physical education ideas. Form the point of Rousseau~ naturalism sports ideas, this paper analyzes the main content and limitation of naturalism sports ideas and discusses the influence on school physical education development. The main purpose is to provide the reference for school physical education researchers.