荞麦籽粒的物理学特性研究

为了解荞麦籽粒的物理学特性,检测了5个荞麦品种籽、壳和仁的10个物理学特性。结果表明:籽含水率11.6%~13.4%,籽粒度3.8~5.0 mm占90%以上,仁色泽L*、a*和b*值分别约为籽的1.8,1.7,2.6倍,籽千粒重27.1~37.2 g,籽和仁容重分别为578~698,699~795 kg/m~3,籽、壳和仁比重分别约为1.11,0.61,1.13 g/cm3,壳和仁占籽重量比率分别为13.8%~19.2%,80.8%~86.2%,壳厚度约0.18 mm,壳仁间隙0.09~0.12 mm,仁硬度1.07~1.26 kg;不同品种荞麦的籽含水率和千粒重,籽仁容重,壳仁占籽重量比率,壳仁间隙及仁硬度等有较大差异。不同品种荞麦籽粒的这些物理学共性和特异性,对荞麦脱壳技术研究及脱壳生产工艺调整等有重要指导意义。

Study on physical characteristics of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds

To investigate the physical characteristics of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds, ten physical characteristics of five buckwheat cultivars were researched on their seeds, shells and kernels. The results showed that buckwheat seed moisture percentage was 11.6%-13.4% and the size of more than 90% of buckwheat seed grains was 3.8-5.0 mm. The color values of L^*, a^* and b^* in kernels were about 1.8 times, 1.7 times and 2.6 times higher than those in seeds, respectively. And then the thousand grain weight of buckwheat seeds and the volume weights of seeds and kernels were measured to be 27.1-37.2 g, 578-698 kg/m³, and 699-795 kg/m³ respectively. Moreover, specific weight of seeds, shells and kernels were also valuated to be about 1.11 g/cm³, 0.61 g/cm³ and 1.13 g/cm³, and the weight percentage of shell and kernel accounted for seeds was 13.8%-19.2% and 80.8%-86.2% respectively. In addition, the thickness of seed shells and the gaps between shells and kernels were found to be about 0.18 and 0.09-0.12 mm, and the. seed kernel hardness was measure to be 1.07-1.26 kg. Therefor, different buckwheat species showed relatively large differences in their seed moisture percentage, thousand grain weight, volume weight of seed and kernel, weight percentage of shell and kernel accounted for seeds, clearance between shell and kernel of seeds, and seed kernel hardness. Consequently, the commonality and specificity in seed physical characteristics among the different species might provide us some valuable information for the researches of the techniques and the adjustment of production process technologies in buckwheat hulling.