Thiol-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks as Thermal History Indictor for Temperature and Time History Monitoring

Various products, including foods and pharmaceuticals, are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Thus, temperature monitoring during production, transportation, and storage is critical. Facile indicators are required to monitor temperature conditions via color changes in real time. This study aimed to prepare and apply thiol-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a novel indicator for monitoring thermal history and temperature abuse. The COFs underwent obvious color changes from bright yellow to purple after exposure to different temperatures for varying durations. The reaction kinetics are analyzed under isothermal conditions, which reveal that the order of reaction rates is k_−20°C < k_4°C < k_20°C < k_35°C < k_55°C. The activation energy (E_a) of the COFs is calculated using the Arrhenius equation as 50.71 kJ moL⁻¹. The COFs are capable of sensitive color changes and offer a broad temperature tracking range, thereby demonstrating their application potential for the monitoring of temperature and time exposure history during production, transportation, and storage. This excellent performance thermal history indicator also shows promise for expanding the application field of COFs.     

基于RGB颜色信息聚类的光谱反射率重建

针对光谱反射率研究中因训练样本数据量大造成的冗杂等问题，提出了一种基于RGB信息进行聚类的样本分类方法。首先对颜色进行聚类并确定聚类个数，后对每一类光谱反射率使用BP神经网络分别进行重建。对于实验结果，使用ΔE₀₀、均方根误差（RMSE）以及适应度系数等标准进行评价，同时与主成分分析算法进行对比。从实验分析可得出，在聚类数目为7时光谱反射率重建效果最好，这时的平均CIE2000的色差为0.836，平均RMSE为0.0149，平均适应度系数为99.82%，并且，在最后对重建色差较大的色块进行了优化处理。实验证明，颜色聚类方法可以很好的应用于光谱反射率重建。     

Establishment of a color tolerance for yarn-dyed fabrics from different color-depth yarns

Yarn-dyed fabric is often woven from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth to ensure a uniform color appearance. The difference in color depth between warp and weft tends to result in the uneven color of the yarn-dyed fabric. This article aims to establish a color tolerance for yarn-dyed fabric that can be woven with a qualified color appearance but from the warp and weft yarns in different color depths. A total of 27 yarn-dyed fabric samples in three color series (red, yellow, and blue) were evaluated by using the yarn-dyed fabric from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth of 2% (on weight of fabric, owf) as the standard. Visual assessment and instrumental measurement of color were carried out to establish the color tolerance ellipse that was defined as CMC (Color Measurement Committee) color differences (2:1) of no more than 1.00. It was found that the color strengths (K/S) and color differences (ΔE_CMC(2:1)) of these fabric samples for each color series had linear relationships with the color depths of warp and weft yarns. The color tolerance ellipses indicated that, even though the warp and weft yarns had an apparent color difference, they could be woven in fabrics with relatively uniform color appearance and meet the requirements for yarn-dyed fabric. This work provided valuable insight into the production of qualified yarn-dyed fabrics from unqualified dyed yarns.     

A general framework to study the price‐color relationship in paintings with an application to Mark Rothko rectangular series

We propose a general framework to study the relationship between the price of a painting and its color‐related attributes. To this end we focus on four key aspects: dominant colors, features of the color palette, color harmony, and color emotions. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach with an example based on Mark Rothko's post‐1950 paintings (the “rectangular” series), and auction data from the 1994 to 2018 period. We identify two distinct price‐color regimes in Rothko's market: (a) [1994‐2005], a period in which prices are explained mainly by the growing popularity of the artist regardless of the color attributes of the paintings sold; and (b) [2006‐2018], a period in which color‐related attributes explain most of the prices. Furthermore, we find that in this second period, the dominant colors and the diversity of the color palette, are by far the most relevant attributes that influence the price; color harmony and color emotions hold almost no explanatory power during this period. Finally, we propose a new metric based on the Herfindahl Index to describe color diversity; this metric seems to be promising at characterizing the effect of the color palette on the price of a painting.     

Color determinants of surface stratification

Although color plays a crucial role in the demarcation of surfaces in the visual field, its role in depth perception is not well understood. Certain special effects of color on depth perception that arise from optical factors such as chromatic aberration (chromostereopsis) have been studied, but less is known about the role of perceptual factors of color in determining depth relations. The present study explores the role that the different attributes of color such as hue, chroma, and lightness play in the stratification of surfaces in depth. In two experiments, subjects manipulated specific dimensions of colors (hue, chroma, lightness, and whiteness) while making judgments of coplanarity of either two or more abutting surfaces. The results demonstrate that for surfaces to appear coplanar, their lightness has to be proportional to the natural (intrinsic) lightness of the hues. No meaningful effects of chroma, whiteness, or blackness were found in depth stratification. The results suggest a primary role of the natural lightness of hues in depth perception.     

浅谈彩色沥青混凝土在路面工程中的使用

公路建设不断发展，对公路的要求越来越高。彩色沥青混凝土有多种特殊用途，被广泛应用和普及。本文就彩色沥青混凝土的应用进行了分析研究。     

基于蛋白质组学技术研究秦川牛肉宰后贮藏过程中肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物转化

本实验采用4D-非标记蛋白质组学技术研究秦川牛肉贮藏过程中（0～8 d）肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物的转化情况，阐释冷却秦川牛肉中肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物转化的分子机制。结果表明：贮藏过程中，肌红蛋白表达量在宰后0～4 d上升、4～8 d下降，利用非标记蛋白质组学技术鉴定出与肌红蛋白及其衍生物相关的差异蛋白14 种，具体包括代谢酶、氧化还原酶、过氧化物酶、伴侣蛋白4 类，这4 类蛋白的表达共同调控贮藏过程中肌红蛋白含量的变化及其3 种衍生物之间的转化，具体表现为贮藏过程中肌红蛋白表达量整体呈下降趋势，氧合肌红蛋白相对含量持续下降，脱氧肌红蛋白、高铁肌红蛋白相对含量逐渐增加，导致肉色发生褐变。本研究结果有利于理解秦川牛肉贮藏过程肉类变色的复杂生化变化机制。     

汽车加油口双色注射模设计

分析了汽车加油口塑件结构,确定了注射成型方案、进胶方式,并介绍了通过滑块与开模动作配合实现塑件脱模的过程。     

海藻糖部分替代蔗糖对猪肉脯品质特性的影响

为改善传统猪肉脯的品质特性，采用不同比例（10%、20%、30%、40%）的海藻糖部分替代猪肉脯配料中的蔗糖，测定其总糖含量、pH值、水分、质构特性、色泽、脂肪氧化情况及感官品质等的变化。结果表明：海藻糖部分替代蔗糖，在降低总糖含量的前提下，显著提高猪肉脯的亮度值、红度值和黄度值（P＜0.05），并延缓猪肉脯贮藏期间的褪色，显著降低硫代巴比妥酸反应物值（P＜0.05）；随着海藻糖替代比例的增大，猪肉脯水分含量显著提高，且其中的结合水和不易流动水含量总体呈降低趋势，自由水含量显著提高（P＜0.05），猪肉脯的硬度、咀嚼性和坚实度显著下降（P＜0.05）；海藻糖替代蔗糖比例10%时，猪肉脯的感官品质较佳。     

焦糖色配方的工艺优化

为烹饪中的焦糖色标准化和科学化生产提供科学依据,对焦糖色的最优配方和制作工艺进行了研究。以感官评分为标准,通过单因素试验和响应面试验研究了白砂糖添加量、加热时间、沸水添加量的影响。确定焦糖色最佳制作配方和工艺条件为:白砂糖添加量为153.51 g,加热时间为8.91 min,沸水添加量为99.88 g。经此配方工艺制作的焦糖色感官评分高达98.7,具有焦香味浓郁,色泽呈深黑红棕色且富有光泽等特点。最后,以卤肉为载体,比较焦糖色与常用食品增色剂老抽酱油以及焦糖色和老抽酱油混合物(老抽:焦糖=1:1混合,m/m)对食品色泽参数包括亮度L*值、红度a*值、黄度b*值、彩度c*值的影响。结果表明,三种食品增色剂对卤肉的亮度L*值和黄度b*值和彩度c*值没有显著性差异(p>0.05),对卤肉的红度a*值差异显著(p<0.05),说明焦糖色能够提高卤肉的光泽度和红度,与感官评定结果一致。