汽轮机叶片结构阻尼研究发展现状及展望

叶片的安全一直是保证汽轮机正常运行的关键.随着汽轮机组单机功率的增大,尤其是近来超超临界机组的发展,末几级叶片越来越长,相应地降低了叶片的刚性,不但使叶片运行时扭转恢复角增大,也降低了叶片抵抗振动应力的能力,采用各种阻尼结构以提高叶片抵抗振动疲劳的能力是各个汽轮机制造厂家广泛采用的方法.在广泛收集有关研究资料的基础上,首先总结了汽轮机叶片中广泛采用的摩擦阻尼理论及试验研究成果,然后介绍了碰撞阻尼结构尤其是一种新的具有自调谐作用碰撞阻尼的一些机理及应用情况.最后对进一步研究汽轮机叶片干摩擦阻尼和碰撞阻尼提供了一些看法.

A Review of Research on Damper of Turbine Blade

The safety of blade is an important factor for steam turbine operation. As the power of steam turbine increases, especially development of ultra - supereritieal steam turbine, the low pressure blades become longer and longer, so the stiffness of blade decreases, which will not only increase twist angle of blade, but also decrease the reliability for fatigue load, adopting dampers for blade is a widely used method to increase reliability of blade by steam turbine manufacturers. Based on a mass of literature, the theoretical and experimental results of dry friction damper are reviewed firstly, and then mechanism and engineering application of impact damper especially self - tuning impact damper are introduced. At last, some opinions for further study of dry friction damper and impact damper of steam turbine blade are presented.