DNA逻辑计算模型的研究现状与展望

DNA计算因其优异的计算能力已经成为当前研究热点，DNA逻辑计算模型是DNA计算体系与运算实现的重要依托。按应用技术将现有DNA逻辑计算模型进行分类：基于链置换的DNA逻辑计算模型、基于核酶的DNA逻辑计算模型、基于G-quadruplex的DNA逻辑计算模型、基于DNA自组装的逻辑计算模型、基于其他分子技术和分子材料的DNA逻辑计算模型。首先阐述了DNA逻辑计算的研究背景和研究目的以及现阶段在生物分子检测、疾病诊断、多因素分析和生物成像等领域的应用并简述其相关概念；然后梳理各DNA逻辑计算模型的研究历史和现状，分析各类逻辑计算模型所应用的分子操控技术和分子材料以及优缺点和应用前景；最后归纳总结DNA逻辑计算领域当前研究热点和发展前景，为未来提出全新的计算方式奠定基础，为信息、医疗等领域提供更好的服务。

Research status and prospect of DNA-based logic computing models

DNA computing has become a hot topic in current research due to its excellent computing performance, and DNA logic computing models is an important implementation tool for DNA computing system and computing implementation. Existing DNA logic computing models are classified according to application technology: (1) DNA logic computing models based on strand displacement. (2) DNA logic computing models based on nucleic acid enzymes. (3) DNA logic computing models based on G-quadruplex. (4) DNA logic computing models based on self-assembly. (5) DNA logic computing models based on other molecular technologies and molecular materials. Firstly, this paper described the research background and research purposes of DNA logic computing and its applications in biomolecular detection, disease diagnosis, multi-factor analysis and bioimaging. Then, this paper sorted out the research history and current status of various types of DNA logic computing mo-dels, and analyzed the molecular manipulation techniques and molecular materials used in various logic computing models, as well as the advantages and disadvantages and application prospects. Finally, this paper summarized the current research hotspots and development prospects in the field of DNA logic computing, laying the foundation for a new calculation method for the future, and providing better services for information science, medical diagnosis and other fields.