常见水生植物对富营养化和重金属复合污染水体的修复效果研究

选取大沽排污河原位生态修复工程现场的6种修复植物旱生美人蕉、水生美人蕉、旱伞草、鸢尾、马蔺、菖蒲为研究对象,通过温室培养试验研究了这6种植物对水中氮磷和重金属Cd、Pb复合污染的修复效果。试验结果表明,所选6种植物在复合污染水体中对营养物质和重金属Cd、Pb均表现出较好的修复效果。经50 d修复后,各植物对总氮TN的去除率为53.90%～94.75%,对总磷TP的去除率为46.76%～85.10%;对Cd的去除率达到90.39%～99.47%。其中,菖蒲、鸢尾、马蔺对总氮的修复能力较好;鸢尾、美人蕉和马蔺对氨氮的修复效果较好;而旱伞草、美人蕉和马蔺对总磷的修复能力最强。所有修复植物对Cd和Pb的富集系数都远远大于1,对Cd、Pb表现出很强的富集能力,可作为Cd、Pb超富集植物来修复水体中的重金属Cd、Pb污染。

Remediation effect of common aquatic plants on the combined water pollution of eutrophication and heavy metals

The paper selected six kinds of plants including canna generalis, canna glauca, cyperus alternifolius, iris tectorum, iris iacteal, acorus calamus linn from situ ecological restoration engineering field of Dagu sewage river as research object. Greenhouse cultivation test was carried out to study the remediation effect of six plants on nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal of Cd and Pb. The result showed that all the 6plants showed good remediation effects on the water pollution. The removal rates of the plants are 53.90~94.75% to TN, 46.76~85.10% to TP, and 90.39~99.47% to Cd. Acorus calamus linn, iris tectorum and Iris lacteal shows good remediation effect on TN; the remediation effects of iris tectorum, canna and iris iacteal on NH₄KG-*3]⁺-N are better; and cyperus alternifolius, canna and iris iacteal are best choices on TP remediation. The enrichment factor of six kinds of plants on Cd and Pb is far greater than 1, which means strong accumulation ability of plants on Cd and Pb. The plants can be used as hyperaccumulator of Cd and Pb to deal with the heavy metal pollution in contaminated water body.