难降解有机污染物的生物处理

难降解有机物对环境危害巨大,生物技术是去除这类物质的重要途径。近年来国内外从不同角度研究了强化难降解有机物生物处理效率的方法。从自然环境中筛选分离有效菌和构建工程菌是强化生物处理的首要方法。针对目标污染物的结构性质,以合适的共代谢基质作为诱导物,采取共代谢的方式也可以提高难降解有机物的生物降解速率。此外,通过优化微生物的生存环境、提高微生物耐毒能力和竞争能力等工艺研究同样能够提高生物反应速率。生物技术处理难降解有机物的发展方向趋于三方面:高效菌种库和基因库的建设与丰富,新型反应器与工艺的发明以及各种交叉技术的应用。

Biological treatment of biorefractory organic pollutants

Biorefractory organic pollutants (BOPs) are very harmful to environment and biological treatment is now an important way to eliminate BOPs despite their resistance to biodegradation.Addition of highly effective degrading strains isolated from natural environment and engineering microorganism is the preferred way to promote biodegradation.According to the structure of BOPs,cometabolic substrate that can induce the microbial cometabolism is added to the bio-reactor to improve the biodegradation efficiency.Furthermore,novel biological processes are developed to accelerate the removal of BOPs by a few methods,such as optimization of the environment for culture degradation,improvement of the tolerance of microorganism to the toxicity of BOPs,and increase the concentration of degrading culture,etc.It is showed that the development trend is as follows,construction and enlargement of highly effective degrading strains library and gene library,development of more advanced biological processes,and combination of different techniques.