横风作用下高速列车-板式轨道系统空间振动分析

基于高速列车-板式轨道系统空间振动分析理论,考虑横风作用效应,建立了风-高速列车-板式轨道系统振动分析模型,推导了列车风荷载势能;将它与列车振动势能及板式轨道振动势能相加,得出系统振动总势能;根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的"对号入座"法则,建立系统空间振动矩阵方程,并编制了相应计算程序.分析了横风作用下高速列车和板式轨道的动力响应.研究结果表明:横风对车体的横向及竖向位移、轮重减载率、倾覆系数等有很大影响,对脱轨系数、横向Sperling 指标有一定的影响,而对钢轨的横向及竖向位移影响很小.     

横风对双层集装箱平车气动特性的影响

双层集装箱平车在横向大风作用下的气动特性将影响车辆运行的稳定性。现运用计算流体动力学软件CFX ,采用三维粘性不可压缩雷诺平均应力方程和k—ε双方程湍流模型 ,计算并分析了在 2 5m/s横风作用下 ,运行速度为 12 0km/h的双层集装箱平车的表面压力、速度分布及所受气动侧向力等参数 ,确定了其承受的最大横向气动载荷 ,为平车横向稳定性等动力学计算提供参考。     

强侧风作用下不同类型铁路货车在青藏线路堤上运行时的气动性能比较

在强侧风作用下,作用于列车的气动力迅速增加,严重影响列车运行的稳定性。本文基于三维、非定常N-S方程,采用动网格技术对货物列车在青藏线路堤上强侧风作用下运行进行了模拟计算,得到棚车、集装箱平车、敞车和罐车4种类型货物列车所受气动力。将计算结果与风洞实验结果进行对比,升力、侧向力和倾覆力矩均吻合较好。计算结果说明:随着侧风速度的增大,作用于棚车、集装箱平车、敞车、罐车的侧向力及倾覆力矩均显著增大;在强侧风作用下,棚车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最大,故棚车在强侧风作用下较易发生倾覆事故,而罐车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最小。     

铁路防风栅抗风性能风洞试验研究与分析

防风栅可降低铁道车辆在横风作用下铁道车辆所受的气动力,其抗风性能受许多因素影响。针对这一问题,根据日本对防风栅、车辆、线路等组合进行一系列风洞模型试验,以及得到的试验数据,分普通型防风栅与新型防风栅情况,对防风栅降低铁道车辆所受气动侧向力的抗风性能的主要影响因素,以及防风栅实际应用情况等进行分析和讨论,最后根据国内对防风栅研究与应用的现状提出相关建议。     

横风作用时间对高速客车直线运行安全性的影响

基于车辆/轨道耦合动力学原理,建立了横风作用下的车辆/轨道耦合动力学模型。模型中,车辆系统采用两系悬挂共35个自由度的多刚体动力学模型。轨道系统采用3层连续弹性离散点支承模型。用赫兹接触理论计算轮轨法向力,用沈氏理论计算轮轨滚动接触蠕滑力,并用显式积分法求解系统运动方程。横风由作用在车体中心的气动升力、侧力和倾覆力矩来模拟。通过数值计算,得到了横风作用下高速客车直线运行的系统动态响应,分析了不同横风作用时间对运行安全性的影响。结果显示,随着横风作用时间的增长,车辆脱轨系数、轮重减载率乃至倾覆系数迅速增大,车辆运行安全性不断降低。     

Influence of the aerodynamic forces on the pantograph–catenary system for high-speed trains

Most of the high-speed trains in operation today have the electrical power supply delivered through the pantograph–catenary system. The understanding of the dynamics of this system is fundamental since it contributes to decrease the number of incidents related to these components, to reduce the maintenance and to improve interoperability. From the mechanical point of view, the most important feature of the pantograph–catenary system consists in the quality of the contact between the contact wire of the catenary and the contact strips of the pantograph. The catenary is represented by a finite element model, whereas the pantograph is described by a detailed multibody model, analysed through two independent codes in a co-simulation environment. A computational procedure ensuring the efficient communication between the multibody and finite element codes, through shared computer memory, and suitable contact force models were developed. The models presented here are contributions for the identification of the dynamic behaviour of the pantograph and of the interaction phenomena in the pantograph–catenary system of high-speed trains due to the action of aerodynamics forces. The wind forces are applied on the catenary by distributing them on the finite element mesh. Since the multibody formulation does not include explicitly the geometric information of the bodies, the wind field forces are applied to each body of the pantograph as time-dependent nonlinear external forces. These wind forces can be characterised either by using computational fluid dynamics or experimental testing in a wind tunnel. The proposed methodologies are demonstrated by the application to real operation scenarios for high-speed trains, with the purpose of defining service limitations based on train and wind speed combination.     

横风作用下高速列车安全运行速度限值的研究

横风作用下的列车安全运行速度限值应通过列车气动特性和车辆轨道动力学特性的分析得到。以我国CRH3型高速列车实车为原型,考虑真实受电弓、转向架等列车的细部特征,假定列车在平地上行驶,对列车速度分别为200、250、300、350和380km/h,横风速度分别为10、15、20、25和30m/s,风向角为90°的25个工况进行气动特性的数值模拟,并采用国内实测轨道谱和德国轨道谱分别对这25个工况的车辆轨道动力学性能进行仿真计算和对比分析。结合国家标准和技术规范,给出CRH3型列车在平地上运行时,横风风速与列车最大安全运行速度之间的对应关系,为横风作用下的列车运行安全控制提供参考。     

路堤上铁道车辆的横风气动特性试验研究

根据国外通勤客车所做风洞模型试验得到的试验数据,分单线路堤和复线路堤2种情况,对横风下铁道车辆所受气动侧向力的主要影响因素和防风栅作用等问题进行了分析和比较.     

Influence of unsteady aerodynamics on driving dynamics of passenger cars

Recent approaches towards numerical investigations with computational fluid dynamics methods on unsteady aerodynamic loads of passenger cars identified major differences compared with steady-state aerodynamic excitations. Furthermore, innovative vehicle concepts such as electric-vehicles or hybrid drives further challenge the basic layout of passenger cars. Therefore, the relevance of unsteady aerodynamic loads on cross-wind stability of changing basic vehicle architectures should be analysed. In order to assure and improve handling and ride characteristics at high velocity of the actual range of vehicle layouts, the influence of unsteady excitations on the vehicle response was investigated. For this purpose, a simulation of the vehicle dynamics through multi-body simulation was used. The impact of certain unsteady aerodynamic load characteristics on the vehicle response was quantified and key factors were identified. Through a series of driving simulator tests, the identified differences in the vehicle response were evaluated regarding their significance on the subjective driver perception of cross-wind stability. Relevant criteria for the subjective driver assessment of the vehicle response were identified. As a consequence, a design method for the basic layout of passenger cars and chassis towards unsteady aerodynamic excitations was defined.     

横风工况下高速动车组空调表面气动性能数值分析

通过采用不可压缩粘性流体的N-S方程和k-ε双方程湍流模型,建立了高速动车组模型,对其在不同横风工况下运行的外流场进行了空气动力学仿真.分析动车组空调表面的压力分布规律,结果表明：列车空调机组所受阻力值由头车至尾车逐渐减小,横风等级增加,阻力值变化不大;空调机组进出口表面负压值及冷凝器进出口压差随横风等级的增加而增大,4、8、12级横风时,空调进出口表面负压总值较无横风时分别提高约30%、174%、561%;随横风等级增加,头车空调所受横向力并无显著变化,而中,尾车空调所受横向力急剧增加,且方向与头车所受横向力相反.4、8、12级横风时,三车空调及导流罩所受横向力总值分别为78、532、2 499 N.