强侧风作用下不同类型铁路货车在青藏线路堤上运行时的气动性能比较

在强侧风作用下,作用于列车的气动力迅速增加,严重影响列车运行的稳定性。本文基于三维、非定常N-S方程,采用动网格技术对货物列车在青藏线路堤上强侧风作用下运行进行了模拟计算,得到棚车、集装箱平车、敞车和罐车4种类型货物列车所受气动力。将计算结果与风洞实验结果进行对比,升力、侧向力和倾覆力矩均吻合较好。计算结果说明:随着侧风速度的增大,作用于棚车、集装箱平车、敞车、罐车的侧向力及倾覆力矩均显著增大;在强侧风作用下,棚车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最大,故棚车在强侧风作用下较易发生倾覆事故,而罐车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最小。

Comparison of Aerodynamic Performance of Different Kinds of Wagons Running on Embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway under Strong Cross-wind

The aerodynamic forces acting on trains increase greatly under strong cross-wind,which is closely associated with train stability.The train traveling on the embankment under strong cross-wind is simulated numerically,by the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations combined with the dynamic mesh technique.The aerodynamic forces acting on the box car,container flat-car,open wagon and tank wagon are calculated.Comparing the calculations with the wind tunnel test results,the lift force,side force and overturning moment are found to be in coincidence.The aerodynamic side force and overturning moment acting on the four kinds of wagons increase obviously as the cross-wind speed increases.Under the action of strong cross-wind,the box car suffers from the largest aerodynamic side force and overturning moment,so that the box car is easier to overturn;the aerodynamic side force and overturning moment acting on the tank wagon is the least.