八种蜂蜜挥发性成分分析

用同时蒸馏萃取方法分别收集了洋槐蜜、霍香蜜、紫云英蜜、瑞苓草蜜、苜蓿蜜、油菜蜜、枸杞蜜和龙眼蜜的挥发性成分,所得到的8种蜂蜜挥发性成分的二氯甲烷浓缩液,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离并分析鉴定了其组成及质量分数,分别鉴定出19、32、17、20、22、64、21、27个化合物,各占其总峰面积的93.35%、76.93%、38.58%、93.18%、93.92%、85.66%、46.37%、75.01%。     

气相色谱/质谱法分析检测莳萝酊的挥发成分

用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)和固相微萃取(SPME)两种方法对莳萝酊进行前处理,通过气相色谱/质谱法(GC-MS)检测了其挥发性和半挥发性成分。两种方法从莳萝酊中共检出62个化学物质,其中SDE检出47个,SPME检出41个,二者共同组分26个。莳萝酊的主要成分有γ-松油烯、对-伞花烃、枯敬醛,4-乙基-3-壬烯-5-炔、百里酚、香芹酚、3-甲基-4-异丙基苯酚等,和国内产的大茴香、小茴香、红茴香、藏茴香的成分明显不同。这些不同构成了莳萝的特征香味。烟草的加香实验表明,莳萝有增加香气,丰富烟香等作用。     

不同品牌郫县豆瓣酱挥发性成分的比较研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取,结合气-质联机对2种不同品牌郫县豆瓣酱的挥发性成分进行了比较研究.研究结果表明：不同品牌的郫县豆瓣酱挥发性成分的差别比较大,如川花牌豆瓣酱鉴定出86种,丹丹牌78种;2种品牌豆瓣酱挥发性成分都是酯类最多,其次是醇类,然后是醛酮类等,其中含量较大的成分有3-甲基丁醇、糠醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇、3-甲基丁醛、糠醛、苯乙醛、3-羟基-2-丁酮、乙酸乙酯、十六碳酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、十八碳酸乙酯、4-乙基苯酚、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚和2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚等.     

中国对虾、秀丽白虾及日本昭虾风味成分的研究

研究采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取,利用GC-MS分析了中国对虾、秀丽白虾及日本昭虾的挥发性风味成分.3种虾共鉴定出116种风味物质,对虾的挥发性化合物总量最高,日本昭虾其次,秀丽白虾最低.对虾中烷基吡嗪类含量最高,日本昭虾中含硫化合物含量最高.研究检测非挥发性风味成分游离氨基酸的含量,比较了其在3种虾中的差异及对挥发性化合物组成的影响.     

集成型空间数据库技术探讨与应用实例

集成型空间数据库的构建过程中,常涉及到空间数据的非结构化特征问题。总结了目前克服此问题的两种技术,即面向对象技术与中间件技术,并对商业化中间件中的空间数据引擎作了标准性、存储结构与图层管理三方面分析。给出了采用空间数据引擎的应用实例,提出了急需解决的问题。
     

A simulation‐based algorithm for optimal pricing policy under demand uncertainty

We propose a simulation‐based algorithm for computing the optimal pricing policy for a product under uncertain demand dynamics. We consider a parameterized stochastic differential equation (SDE) model for the uncertain demand dynamics of the product over the planning horizon. In particular, we consider a dynamic model that is an extension of the Bass model. The performance of our algorithm is compared to that of a myopic pricing policy and is shown to give better results. Two significant advantages with our algorithm are as follows: (a) it does not require information on the system model parameters if the SDE system state is known via either a simulation device or real data, and (b) as it works efficiently even for high‐dimensional parameters, it uses the efficient smoothed functional gradient estimator.     

Self-disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) of Chiral Nonracemic Amides via Achiral Chromatography

This article is based on a review of literature devoted to the phenomenon of SDE via achiral chromatography since the appearance of the seminal work of Professor Emanuel Gil-Av. The discussed examples of chromatographic studies are related to amides derived from chiral amines and α- and β-amino acids. We discuss the observed SDE magnitude as a function of a compound's structure, and composition of eluent and stationary phases, providing some mechanistic considerations. Particular emphasis is given to the aspect of SDE via achiral chromatography as an emerging unconventional enantiomeric purification technique.     

"数字烟草"中空间数据的集成与管理方法

"数字农业"是21世纪农业发展的必然趋势,也是"数字地球"的重要组成部分。而"数字烟草"是"数字农业"中的具体体现,是集GIS、GPS和RS于一体的大型系统。本文针对烟草数据的特点,利用空间数据引擎(SDE)与数据库管理系统(DBMS),从空间数据库的总体设计到栅格、矢量的存储结构进行了系统深入的研究,给出了一套数字烟草3S空间信息集成和管理的方法,并将其成功地应用到空间数据库的建设中。     

Chemical analysis of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE)

Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) involving divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fibre and simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE) techniques were applied to study the volatile and semi volatile compounds of thawed and cooked Phaseolus vulgaris L. A total of 104 compounds were detected by GC and GC/MS. Thereof, 76 compounds were identified for the first time in this species. The major differences between HS-SPME and SDE were found in the content of identified alcohols (23.62% SDE versus 62.20% SPME), terpenoids (39.15% SDE versus 2.45% SPME), heterocyclic compounds (13.78% SDE versus 1.21% SPME), hydrocarbons (2.22% SDE versus 13.87% SPME) and esters (0.98% SDE versus 12.98% SPME). The SPME technique was found to be useful for rapid and routine quality controls of thawed French beans, while SDE is favourable to study the entire set of flavour volatiles in the corresponding cooked samples.     

Multistage soft decision equalization technique for MIMO systems in frequency selective channels

This article proposes a multistage soft decision equalization （SDE） technique for block transmission over frequency selective multi-input multi-output （MIMO） channels. Using the Toeplitz structure, the general signal model can be converted into a series of small-sized sub-signal models. For each sub-signal model, soft interference cancellation （SIC） is used firstly to remove partial effects of interfering symbols, then max-log-map sphere decoder is performed to get the desired a posteriori information. Simulation shows that with lower complexity the proposed method outperforms the probability data association SDE and the Schnorr-Euchner sphere decoder.