近场地震动峰值加速度及频谱衰减特性研究

计算分析了333组震中距小于40 km的欧洲及其毗邻地区的近场强震动记录的峰值加速度和3种频谱周期参数,采用回归分析方法,探讨了场地类别、震级、震中距等因素对近场地震动特性的影响特征,并统计给出了不同类别场地和震级档的近场地震动峰值加速度和频谱周期的衰减关系。结果表明:震中距是影响近场强震动峰值加速度和频谱特性的重要因素,随着震中距的增大近场强震动峰值加速度逐渐减小;特征周期参数基本上满足随着震中距增大而增大的趋势,且场地越软这一趋势越明显;因为近场地震动的复杂性,场地类别和震级对峰值加速度和特征周期有一定的影响,但具有不确定性。竖向与水平向地震动的加速度峰值比均值为0.60,但约有1/3的强地震动记录加速度峰值比大于2/3;竖向地震动的特征周期约为水平向地震动的0.8倍,且场地越软该值越小。     

基于矢量阵测量的局部近场全息技术研究

统计最优近场声全息技术是通过全息面上测量声压的线性叠加来反演重建面上的声学量,可以从理论上克服基于傅氏变换的近场声全息技术的局限性。针对水中圆柱体的噪声源识别问题,采用声压和质点振速测量来进行声全息计算,推导了基于振速测量的统计最优柱面近场声全息技术的重建公式。利用所编制的程序进行了仿真验证,最后设计矢量水听器进行水中全息实验,验证了该方法的可行性和准确性,实验结果表明,该技术在水中柱形声源辐射声场的噪声源识别和定位中有着明显的优势。     

声带振动产生的声场的近场分析

针对声带振动在喉内所产生的声场难以分析的问题,该文根据声带的发声机制,提出了模拟声带振动的一种新模型,并对模型中对角线上的声压变化规律及微小振元的数目对声带振动所产生的近声场的影响进行了研究.运用Matlab对取得的变化规律进行仿真,结果表明,在新模型中,微元法可实现对近声场的理论研究;从而为进一步研究声带振动及其产生...     

法向模螺旋天线近场耦合的研究

根据天线的近场耦合原理,设计了一种近距离传输数据的双频法向模全向螺旋天线,工作频率在160MHz和480MHz。研究表明,实验数据与天线仿真数据基本吻合。此天线利用近场进行数据传输,不易受外部环境的影响,增加了数据传输的稳定性。     

数值研究负折射率超透镜近场亚波长成像

文章采用时域有限差分法研究负折射率平板超透镜的电磁聚焦现象,计算近场成像特性;计算结果给出负折射率平板透镜近场成像的波场分布,双波源的成像分辨率为四分之一波长,达到亚波长分辨效果。计算结果表明,负折射率超透镜近场亚衍射成像只在一定的参数条件下成立。     

基于均匀圆阵的近场源三维参数估计

基于均匀圆阵,提出一种近场源距离-方位角-俯仰角联合估计算法。利用阵元观测数据,构造一组高阶累积量矩阵,通过矩阵联合对角化技术得到阵列流形矩阵的估计。根据阵列流形矩阵的估计以及近场和远场条件下方位角相同的结论,获得方位角的估计。利用阵列流形矩阵和方位角的估计,得到距离和俯仰角的估计。该方法无需二维频域峰值搜索或参数配对。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

全自适应数字阵列的近场测试

在模拟阵列近场测试基础上,对全自适应数字阵列的近场测试进行研究,结合全自适应数字阵列的特点,采用多通道并行处理等技术,对近场测试系统进行全面升级,从而解决全自适应数字阵列的测试难题。另外,为了解决干扰抑制零深评估的难题,采用改进后的近场测试系统,对自适应响应波束进行测试,从而得到真实的干扰抑制零深。仿真和实验结果表明,改进后的近场测试系统能完成全自适应数字阵列测试,从而实现了对全自适应数字阵列的全面评估。     

键盘按键信息的近场截获研究

计算机键盘在正常工作时会伴随产生电磁骚扰噪声,未授权人员若窃取这些电磁噪声经分析处理便可还原键盘的按键信息.经测试发现键盘的电磁辐射主要来自键盘内的印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)及接口电缆互连结构,在连接处产生共模电压源并激励PCB板和接口电缆构成的共模回路向外发射电磁波.通过建立理论模型,分析了键盘产生伴随电磁辐射的机理,并基于该模型对PCB板-电缆互连结构进行了定量计算及电磁全波仿真.用实验的方法在近场截获了键盘的按键信息.实验结果表明:计算机键盘伴随产生的电磁骚扰噪声中含有按键信息并可在近场被截获.     

Issues in Optical Diffraction Theory

This paper focuses on unresolved or poorly documented issues pertaining to Fresnel’s scalar diffraction theory and its modifications. In Sec. 2 it is pointed out that all thermal sources used in practice are finite in size and errors can result from insufficient coherence of the optical field. A quarter-wave criterion is applied to show how such errors can be avoided by placing the source at a large distance from the aperture plane, and it is found that in many cases it may be necessary to use collimated light as on the source side of a Fraunhofer experiment. If these precautions are not taken the theory of partial coherence may have to be used for the computations.In Sec. 3 it is recalled that for near-zone computations the Kirchhoff or Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals are applicable, but fail to correctly describe the energy flux across the aperture plane because they are not continuously differentiable with respect to the assumed geometrical field on the source side. This is remedied by formulating an improved theory in which the field on either side of a semi-reflecting screen is expressed as the superposition of mutually incoherent components which propagate in the opposite directions of the incident and reflected light.These components are defined as linear combinations of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals, so that they are rigorous solutions of the wave equation as well as continuously differentiable in the aperture plane. Algorithms for using the new theory for computing the diffraction patterns of circular apertures and slits at arbitrary distances z from either side of the aperture (down to z = ± 0.0003 λ) are presented, and numerical examples of the results are given. These results show that the incident geometrical field is modulated by diffraction before it reaches the aperture plane while the reflected field is spilled into the dark space. At distances from the aperture which are large compared to the wavelength λ these field expressions are reduced to the usual ones specified by Fresnel’s theory. In the specific case of a diffracting half plane the numerical results obtained were practically the same as those given by Sommerfeld’s rigorous theory.The modified theory developed in this paper is based on the explicit assumption that the scalar theory of light cannot explain plolarization effects. This premise is justified in Sec. 4, where it is shown that previous attempts to do so have produced dubious results.     

Nanometric patterning of zinc by optical near-field photochemical vapour deposition

A new technique, optical near-field photochemical vapour deposition (NFO-PCVD) enables maskless production of nanometric structures with controllable size, chemical composition and morphology. By placing a near-field optical microscope inside the reaction chamber for photochemical vapour deposition we have deposited nanoscale metal patterns. We demonstrate for the first time, successfully deposited in the near-field region, lines of metallic zinc with the observed stripe width of 20 nm.