2011～2020年华北平原气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及潜在源分析

随着经济高速增长和城市化进程不断加快,华北平原区域性空气污染问题愈演愈烈。针对该区域开展长时序气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征和潜在源分析研究,对华北平原大气污染治理具有重要意义。基于长时序MODIS/Terra C6.1 MOD04_L2气溶胶光学厚度产品,分析华北平原气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征,并利用后向轨迹聚类分析讨论华北平原7个重点城市气团输送的季节变化,并以污染较为严重的河北石家庄为例进行潜在源分析和浓度权重分析,探究影响其大气质量的污染物潜在源区。结果表明:2011～2020年华北平原气溶胶光学厚度月均值呈显著的周期性变化,以年为周期,每个周期内峰值一般出现在6月至8月; 气溶胶光学厚度月际年内呈单峰分布,峰值出现在6月(0.75),最小值出现在12月(0.37); 气溶胶光学厚度季均值从大到小依次为夏季(0.67)、春季(0.59)、冬季(0.49)、秋季(0.46); 10年间气溶胶光学厚度呈下降趋势,整体下降幅度达36.84%,其中2011年最高(0.72),2018年最低(0.45); 华北平原7个重点城市春、夏、秋、冬四季主要受短距离气团输送影响较大,长距离气团输送影响较小; 2014～2020年河北石家庄的空气质量优良天数占比相对较小,空气质量状况差,影响其空气质量的污染物多为本地生成,同时也受周边省市近距离输送的影响。     

A Method for Detecting the Damage of Apocheima Cinerarius Erschoff based on MODIS Time Series:Case Studies in Bachu Populus Euphratica Forest of Xinjiang Province

In recent years，the damage of Apocheima Cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang province has seriously threatened the survival and green barrier function of natural Populus euphratica.Due to the large coverage and high tree body of Populus euphratica，traditional monitoring methods are difficult to meet the requirement of rapid monitoring of pest.In this study，the NDVI time series data set of Xiamale forestry in Xinjiang Bachu was reconstructed from the MODIS data from 2014 to the first half of 2017，and the NDVI time series curves were further fitted by three filters.It is found that the S\|G filter can preserve more details of the original curve，and the global fitting can weaken the heterogeneity effectively，so that the vegetation coverage space is better.Through the analysis of the NDVI time series data of the aircraft control area and the comparison with catastrophe point of the non\|flight zone，it is found that the aircraft biological agent means has obvious and continual effects on the controlling of insect pests.proven by the investigation of pest’s population on the ground..The results showed that it was feasible to analyse the insect pests by using the time series of Populus euphratica NDVI.     

An automatic tool for reconstructing monthly time-series of hydro-climatic variables at ungauged basins

Integrative information models for filling/reconstructing hydro-climatic time-series are required for a variety of practical applications. A GIS-based model for a rapid and reliable assessment of monthly time-series of several key hydro-climatic variables at the basin scale, is here developed as plug-in and applied to the entire region of Sicily (Italy). The plug-in, once the desired basin outlet section and time-window are selected, uses appropriate spatial techniques and algorithms to identify its drainage area and estimate the corresponding mean areal rainfall and temperatures time-series. A recent regional regressive rainfall-runoff model is successively applied for the assessment of the runoff time-series. Finally, a consolidated temperature-based method is applied to estimate monthly potential evapotranspiration time-series, while, actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage time-series are derived through a classical water balance model. The tool, supported by a preliminarily developed database, includes automatic procedures for data retrieving and processing and a user friendly interface.     

Validation of coastal sea and lake surface temperature measurements derived from NOAA/AVHRR data

An interactive validation monitoring system is being used at the NOAA/NESDIS to validate the sea surface temperature (SST) derived from the NOAA-12 and NOAA-14 polar orbiting satellite AVHRR sensors for the NOAA CoastWatch program. In 1997, we validated the SST in coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico, Southeast US and Northeast US and the lake surface temperatures in the Great Lakes every other month. The in situ     

基于MODIS数据的潞安矿区NPP时空格局

基于EOS/MODIS卫星遥感数据,运用ArcGIS9.3统计与分析模块对2001—2006年潞安矿区生态系统NPP从时、空变化两个角度进行了研究分析。结果表明：时间异质性上,2001—2003年间的矿区绝大部分区域NPP大于0.2 kg/m2,而2004—2006年间NPP低于0.2 kg/m2,即研究时段内矿区NP...     

Detection and mapping of long-term land degradation using local net production scaling: Application to Zimbabwe

Degradation of vegetation and soils in drylands, sometimes called desertification, is thought to be a serious threat to the sustainability of human habitation, but maps of the extent and severity of degradation at country and global scales do not exist. Degraded land, by definition, has suffered a change relative to its previous condition set by its climate, soil properties, topography and expectations of land managers. The local net production scaling (LNS) method, tested here in Zimbabwe, estimates potential production in homogeneous land capability classes and models the actual productivity using remotely-sensed observations. The difference between the potential and actual productivities provides a map of the location and severity of degradation. Six years of 250 m resolution MODIS data were used to estimate actual net production in Zimbabwe and calculate the LNS using three land capability classifications. The LNS maps agreed with known areas of degradation and with an independent degradation map. The principal source of error arose because of inhomogeneity of some land capability classes caused by, for example, the inclusion of local hot-spots of high production and differences in precipitation caused by local topography. Agriculture and other management can affect the degradation estimates and careful inspection of the LNS maps is essential to verify and identify the local causes of degradation. The Zimbabwe study found that approximately 16% of the country was at its potential production and the total loss in productivity due to degradation was estimated to be 17.6 Tg Cyr^− 1, that is 13% of the entire national potential. Since the locations of degraded land were unrelated to natural environmental factors such as rainfall and soils, it is clear that the degradation has been caused by human land use, concentrated in the heavily-utilized, communal areas.     

MODIS数据Bowtie效应消除算法

MODIS数据不仅具有较高的过境频率和光谱分辨率,还具有成本低、覆盖面广等优势。受地球曲率的影响,MODIS L1B数据大多存在一种重叠效应,即Bowtie效应,主要发生在图像的边缘地带,该效应制约了MODIS遥感数据的进一步分析及应用。针对遥感影像几何畸变问题,提出一种不基于传统星历表的Bowtie效应消除算法,采用相关系数法确定每个扫描带的重复行数,根据不同分辨率的MODIS L1B数据,使用相对应的重采样方法对图像进行重采样处理。通过与其他Bowtie效应消除算法的对比实验及分析,证明该算法不仅能够有效去除Bowtie效应,而且执行速度较快,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

Interannual and intra-annual cycles of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Caspian Sea

Variability of phytoplankton in the Caspian Sea (CS) is related to the complex orography, the variety of physical and chemical processes, and climatic indices. Here, interannual and intra-annual variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) were studied using wavelet analysis during 2002–2019 in different regions of the CS. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) analysis performed to classify the CS into the areas of similar variability of satellite-derived Chl-a. Wavelet spectral analysis showed that the Chl-a variability regulated by four primary periodic cycles: 0.5-year, 1-year, 2 to 2.5-year, and 3 to 5-year. The 0.5 and 1-year wavelet cycles mostly depicted the intensity of seasonality patterns. The 2–2.5-year and 3–5-year cycles of Chl-a showed non-stationary coherence with corresponding low-frequency cycles of NAO and ENSO. The 3–5-year wavelet amplitudes of Chl-a strongly correlated with NAO and ENSO in the southern CS. Weak correlations of 2–2.5-year cycle wavelet amplitudes of Chl-a with NAO and ENSO suggested that variations do not always directly translate to a biological response. A negative anomaly in the Chl-a autumn peaks observed during 2011–2016 in the middle and southern CS, when NAO phases were persistently positive. The interannual variations of summer peaks in the northern CS, and autumn peaks in the middle and southern CS were broadly related to the precipitation. SST and wind stress. Moreover, it was shown that the Volga discharge has a significant influence on Chl-a variability in the northern CS.     

2000—2008年长白山地区EVI变化特征研究

利用2000—2008年250 m分辨率MODIS EVI数据,结合谐波分析、影像处理和多种统计方法分析长白山地区的植被覆盖年内和年际变化特征,并结合区划图和植被类型图对不同区域和不同植被类型的植被覆盖变化进行分析.分析显示:近9年长白山地区植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势,其中夏季上升最为显著;和龙林业局的植被覆盖较好,长白山保护区和白河林业局的植被覆盖处于较高的增长趋势,而朝鲜一侧的植被覆盖较差且增长缓慢;阔叶林和针阔混交林的植被覆盖高于针叶林、荒草地、沼泽地、高山岳桦林和高山苔原,其中高山岳桦林和高山苔原的植被覆盖正处于较快的增长趋势.     

利用MODIS数据反演渤海海冰分布

渤海每年都有冰情出现,如何对冰情进行监测是一个重要问题。遥感技术在监测冰情中具有明显优势。利用2006年2月8日MODIS数据,采用比值算法,有效地区分了海冰与海水、云。针对海冰与悬浮物难于区分的问题,采用海冰表面温度反演算法,对结果进行订正,很好地得到了渤海海冰的分布范围。