Cognitive and metabolic workload assessment techniques: A review in automotive manufacturing context

Ergonomics assessment in the automotive industry has, to date, focused mainly on physical ergonomics, for example, manual handling and posture. However, workload and, in particular, metabolic and cognitive workload, contributes to worker efficiency but has not received sufficient attention to yield practical guidance for industry. Successful workload assessment requires in-depth understanding of the context in which it will be conducted and of the various assessment techniques which will be applied, with consideration given to factors such as feasibility, resources, and skill of the assessor. These requirements are met with challenges within large and complex organizations and are often dealt with in a piecemeal and isolated matter (i.e., reactive workload assessment). The present paper explores these challenges within the automotive manufacturing industry and aims to develop a decision matrix to guide effective selection of workload assessment techniques focused on metabolic and cognitive demands. It also presents the requirements for time, equipment, and knowledge to implement these techniques as part of a participatory ergonomics approach. Early findings suggest that most assessment techniques reviewed require further development, for example, to establish the acceptance criteria for the specific workload scenario. However, five methods (Garg, Borg RPE, IPAQ, SWAT, and NASA-TLX) are ready to use in certain applications. Ultimately, the findings suggest that it is possible to implement a participatory workload evaluation program within large and complex manufacturing plants.     

汽车电磁式主动悬架技术综述

电磁式主动悬架兼具控制精确、系统响应快和节能高效等优点,对悬架运动的控制能力强,可以显著提升车辆的舒适性和操稳性。随着新能源汽车、电控系统以及悬架减振技术的发展,电磁式作动器在汽车悬架系统上的应用开始受到关注。文中对汽车电磁式主动悬架技术的研究和应用现状进行回顾和分析,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

汽车水性金属闪光底色漆的研制与应用

以水性饱和聚酯树脂为基体树脂,以甲醚化氨基树脂为交联剂,以水性闪光铝银粉为效应颜料,以改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物蜡乳液为定向排列剂,在基材润湿剂、消泡剂、流平剂、中和剂、增稠剂、助溶剂、去离子水等的配合下制得水性金属闪光底色漆。涂膜于160℃×20 min条件下固化,具有VOC(挥发性有机化合物)含量低、硬度高、抗冲击、附着力强、闪光效果好、防腐性能优异、绿色环保、施工安全方便等优点。     

Preparation of composites based on recycled polypropylene and automotive shredder residue

In past research, mechanical recycling of automotive shredder residue (ASR) has led to serious deterioration of material performance, and real‐scale application in this way still remains a challenge. Here, we report a sustainable approach called solid‐state shear milling (SSSM) for the production of high‐performance polypropylene (PP)/ASR composites with robust mechanical performance on a commercial scale. After the SSSM process, the obtained 50/50 wt% PP/ASR composite exhibited a 41.3% increase in tensile strength, 32.9% increase in flexural strength and 55.0% increase in impact toughness when compared with corresponding composites made by traditional direct melt blending. In particular, the toughness of the material can be improved by further addition of PP grafted with maleic anhydride with toughness comparable to that of recycled PP, and a 325% increase in toughness can be obtained with addition of styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride. This PP/ASR composite shows good processability and high thermal stability, and meets the requirements of many applications for nonstructural products. The approach presented in this paper highlights a novel technique for ASR recycling. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

汽车发动机故障诊断专家系统的开发研究

为了适应市场的需求 ,以DELPHI语言为开发工具 ,开发了汽车发动机故障诊断专家系统。根据发动机故障的复杂性 ,依据计算机数据结构原理 ,采用故障树的数据结构和关系数据库原理完成知识表示 ,建立了知识库和推理机 ,实现了确定性和不确定性故障诊断。在汽车公司商用网站上 ,实现了基于ASP的网络故障诊断专家系统的应用     

电涡流缓速器转子盘风道散热结构参数影响分析

电涡流缓速器(ECR)实施缓速制动时将车辆行驶动能转化为热能,使得转子盘产生较大温升,导致其制动性能不稳定.针对这一现象本文提出在转子盘风道内安装圆柱扰流强化散热装置.为合理选择扰流圆柱结构尺寸,建立不同直径圆柱扰流强制散热结构转子盘单风道物理模型,采用K-ε标准双方程和能量方程分析各模型不同进口气流速度条件下热交换改...     

Transient adsorption studies of automotive hydrocarbon traps

A chromatographic adsorption unit was designed and built to study the adsorption of alkanes in zeolites for the hydrocarbon trap systems in three‐way catalysts, to assist in the selection of optimal materials for this application. The experimental apparatus used a zeolite bed in place of the column in an ordinary gas chromatograph and could be accurately modeled to determine the adsorption equilibrium constants for simple alkanes in MFI zeolites. The adsorption of iso‐pentane was studied in BEA zeolites with varying Si/Al₂ ratios, before and after ex situ zeolite aging simulating engine exhaust, and in the presence of water vapor. The elution times were shown to depend directly on the zeolite adsorption capacity. The primary effect of water was to decrease the iso‐pentane adsorption capacity by partial filling of the zeolite pores through adsorption of water at acid sites. Some implications of this work for choosing the best materials for hydrocarbon trapping are discussed. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2875–2881, 2014     

合金元素含量对汽车大梁用610L钢组织与性能的影响

采用“调Si、降Nb、加Ti”的合金设计理念,结合优化的控轧控冷工艺,开发出一种新型汽车大梁用610 MPa级Ti-Nb-Si系低碳微合金钢。结果表明,当Si、Nb和Ti的质量分数分别为0.04%、0.03%和0.06%时,试验钢在热轧后水冷(15～20℃/s)至卷取温度时的显微组织为铁素体+珠光体,且在铁素体基体内分布着高密度的纳米析出相,综合力学性能较好,屈服强度为539 MPa,抗拉强度为633 MPa,伸长率为20.5%,扩孔率为66.4%,各项力学性能和扩孔性能均满足汽车大梁用610L钢的性能要求。     

汽车涂料用铝粉颜料的研究进展

简单介绍了铝粉颜料的分类及特性,详细阐述了铝粉颜料在汽车涂料中的应用,并对铝粉颜料的研究方向进行了展望。     

汽车面漆色差产生的原因及解决方法

根据笔者在实际工作中的经验,讨论了各种色差产生的原因及解决方法。