IL-10 in Mast Cell-Mediated Immune Responses: Anti-Inflammatory and Proinflammatory Roles

Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in Th2 immune responses, including the defense against parasitic infections and the initiation of type I allergic reactions. In addition, MCs are involved in several immune-related responses, including those in bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers, allograft rejections, and lifestyle diseases. Whereas antigen-specific IgE is a well-known activator of MCs, which express FcεRI on the cell surface, other receptors for cytokines, growth factors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and damage-associated molecular patterns also function as triggers of MC stimulation, resulting in the release of chemical mediators, eicosanoids, and various cytokines. In this review, we focus on the role of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in MC-mediated immune responses, in which MCs play roles not only as initiators of the immune response but also as suppressors of excessive inflammation. IL-10 exhibits diverse effects on the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and activation of MCs in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, IL-10 derived from MCs exerts beneficial and detrimental effects on the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and in several immune-related diseases including contact hypersensitivity, auto-immune diseases, and infections. This review introduces the effects of IL-10 on various events in MCs, and the roles of MCs in IL-10-related immune responses and as a source of IL-10.     

Learn from the past – sequentially one-to-one video deblurring network

With the growing availability of hand-held cameras in recent years, more and more images and videos are taken at any time and any place. However, they usually suffer from undesirable blur due to camera shake or object motion in the scene. In recent years, a few modern video deblurring methods are proposed and achieve impressive performance. However, they are still not suitable for practical applications as high computational cost or using future information as input. To address the issues, we propose a sequentially one-to-one video deblurring network (SOON) which can deblur effectively without any future information. It transfers both spatial and temporal information to the next frame by utilizing the recurrent architecture. In addition, we design a novel Spatio-Temporal Attention module to nudge the network to focus on the meaningful and essential features in the past. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art deblurring methods, both quantitatively and qualitatively, on various challenging real-world deblurring datasets. Moreover, as our method deblurs in an online manner and is potentially real-time, it is more suitable for practical applications.     

Coenzyme Q10 supplementation: Efficacy,safety, and formulation challenges

World population growth and aging are posing unprecedented challenges in sustaining the health of 9.1 billion people that will be occupying the planet by 2050. Although noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes are among the top 10 global causes of death, they can be prevented by risk factor reduction, early detection, and adequate treatment. Since a healthy diet along with dietary supplementation could play an important role to reduce morbidity and cut off its associated health care costs, research in the food and nutrition area is required to find solutions to global challenges affecting health. As a result of the healthy living trend, dietary supplements category is growing fast, leading to an urgent need for dietitians, physicians, and policy makers to broaden the scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of a wide range of active ingredients. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as the third most consumed dietary supplement, and as a potential candidate for the treatment of various noncommunicable diseases that are among the global top 10 causes of death, has gained interest over years. Scientific evidence regarding mainly CoQ10 efficacy and safety, as well as formulation challenges, is addressed in this review.     

载荷对PTFE/AlSi10Mg复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用选区激光熔化(SLM)、浸渗和真空烧结工艺制备了以AlSi10Mg为基体的多孔骨架填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的自润滑复合材料。采用往复式Bruker UMT-3摩擦试验机研究了速度为5mm/s、不同载荷下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并采用SEM、EDS等对其成分、结构以及摩擦学行为进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料的平均摩擦因数和磨损率随着载荷的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;复合材料的摩擦稳定性主要由存储在骨架中的PTFE决定。其摩擦机制主要是在载荷的作用下,当磨擦表面发生磨损时,骨架中的PTFE将磨屑捕获,形成完整的PTFE润滑层,并且发生膜的转移,从而增加了复合材料的摩擦学稳定性。     

调节性B细胞在自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者外周血中的表达及临床意义

目的: 探讨自身免疫性溶血性贫血（AIHA）患者外周血中调节性B细胞（Bregs）的表达及其在该病发病中的意义。方法:选择16例自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者和14例健康志愿者为研究对象，用流式细胞术分析外周血CD19+IL-10+调节性B细胞及CD19+CD24hiCD27+调节性B细胞的表达；ELISA方法检测培养上清液中IL-10的水平。结果:自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者外周血中CD19+IL-10+调节性B细胞、CD19+CD24hiCD27+调节性B细胞的表达分别为（1.27±0.39）％、（9.85±2.18）％，健康志愿者组分别为（2.92±0.71）％、（26.47±4.31）％，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者细胞培养上清中IL-10的水平低于健康志愿者组（P<0.05）。结论:自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者外周血中CD19+IL-10+调节性B细胞及CD19+CD24hiCD27+调节性B细胞比例降低，提示调节性B细胞可能参与自身免疫性溶血性贫血的发病过程。     

溶解氧变化对阴极极化下10Ni5CrMo钢氢脆敏感性的影响

摘要：为研究溶解氧质量浓度对10Ni5CrMo钢在阴极极化条件下氢脆敏感性影响规律，对10Ni5CrMo钢进行了阴极极化下的电化学交流阻抗谱测试﹑并采用慢应变速率拉伸实验和断口分析方法研究了海水中溶解氧质量浓度变化和不同阴极极化下10Ni5CrMo钢的氢脆敏感性。结果表明：溶解氧质量浓度变化对10Ni5CrMo钢强度几乎没有影响；同一溶解氧质量浓度下，随极化电位负移，断裂时间、伸长率、断面收缩率明显降低，氢脆系数增加，氢脆敏感性显著提高，极化电位达到-1000mV时，氢脆系数已超过安全区允许的最高值25%，进入危险区；同一极化电位下，随着海水中溶解氧质量浓度减少，材料塑性变差，断裂时间、伸长率和断面收缩率不断降低，氢脆系数增加，氢脆敏感性提高。     

Coenzyme Q10: Novel Formulations and Medical Trends

The aim of this review is to shed light over the most recent advances in Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) applications as well as to provide detailed information about the functions of this versatile molecule, which have proven to be of great interest in the medical field. Traditionally, CoQ₁₀ clinical use was based on its antioxidant properties; however, a wide range of highly interesting alternative functions have recently been discovered. In this line, CoQ₁₀ has shown pain-alleviating properties in fibromyalgia patients, a membrane-stabilizing function, immune system enhancing ability, or a fundamental role for insulin sensitivity, apart from potentially beneficial properties for familial hypercholesterolemia patients. In brief, it shows a remarkable amount of functions in addition to those yet to be discovered. Despite its multiple therapeutic applications, CoQ₁₀ is not commonly prescribed as a drug because of its low oral bioavailability, which compromises its efficacy. Hence, several formulations have been developed to face such inconvenience. These were initially designed as lipid nanoparticles for CoQ₁₀ encapsulation and distribution through biological membranes and eventually evolved towards chemical modifications of the molecule to decrease its hydrophobicity. Some of the most promising formulations will also be discussed in this review.     

Decreased CD10-positive granulocytes for the differential diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are highly heterogeneous myeloid neoplasms, and a large number of patients are difficult to diagnose and classify by blood and bone marrow examination. As a surface marker of granulocyte, studies have shown CD10 can be used to define the degree of granulocyte maturation in MDS patients. However, whether it can be used for differential diagnosis of MDS and other hematological diseases remains inconclusive. To explore the value of CD10 for differential diagnosis of MDS, 60 newly diagnosed MDS, 20 aplastic anemia (AA) patients, and 35 iron-deficient anemia (IDA) patients were selected for this study. Bone marrow (BM) specimens were processed for surface marker analysis and labeled with pre-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. Stained cells were detected by flow cytometry. Our results indicated that CD10-positive granulocytes were significantly decreased in BM of MDS patients than AA and IDA patients, and the level of CD10-positive mature granulocytes was not associated with the clinical stages of malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUC) of CD10-positive granulocytes was 0.86 and 0.85, respectively, in MDS patients than the IDA group and AA group with good specificity and sensitivity. Further, CD10-positive granulocytes were increased after effective treatment. In conclusion, we found the decrease in CD10-positive granulocytes has a differential diagnostic value of MDS.     

Trajectories of knowledge economy in SSA and MENA countries

In the first critical assessment of knowledge economy dynamic paths in Africa and the Middle East, but for a few exceptions, we find overwhelming support for diminishing cross-country disparities in knowledge-based economy dimensions. The paper employs all the four components of the World Bank's Knowledge Economy Index (KEI): economic incentives, innovation, education, and information infrastructure. The main finding suggests that sub-Saharan African (SSA) and the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries with low levels of KE dynamics and catching-up their counterparts of higher KE levels. We provide the speeds of integration and time necessary to achieve full (100%) integration. Policy implications are also discussed.