A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with in situ X-ray micro-tomography scanning

The development of a miniature triaxial apparatus is presented. In conjunction with an X-ray micro-tomography (termed as X-ray μCT hereafter) facility and advanced image processing techniques, this apparatus can be used for in situ investigation of the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils under shear. The apparatus allows for triaxial testing of a miniature dry sample with a size of \mathrm{8}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm}\times \mathrm{16}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm} (diameter \times height). In situ triaxial testing of a 0.4–0.8 mm Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) under a constant confining pressure of 500 kPa is presented. The evolutions of local porosities (i.e., the porosities of regions associated with individual particles), particle kinematics (i.e., particle translation and particle rotation) of the sample during the shear are quantitatively studied using image processing and analysis techniques. Meanwhile, a novel method is presented to quantify the volumetric strain distribution of the sample based on the results of local porosities and particle tracking. It is found that the sample, with nearly homogenous initial local porosities, starts to exhibit obvious inhomogeneity of local porosities and localization of particle kinematics and volumetric strain around the peak of deviatoric stress. In the post-peak shear stage, large local porosities and volumetric dilation mainly occur in a localized band. The developed triaxial apparatus, in its combined use of X-ray μCT imaging techniques, is a powerful tool to investigate the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils.     

A Generalized Relationship for Determination of Tensile Strength of Fine-Grained Soils from Shrinkage Characteristics

Tensile strength of fine-grained soils has been extensively investigated by earlier researchers and several methodologies have been evolved for its determination. However, either most of these methods are not valid/applicable for a wide range of moisture contents or they involve tedious sample/specimen preparation. In this context, the methodology of determining tensile strength by employing thin films, which is available in the literature, has been found to be quite handy and useful. It has been observed that a unique relationship exists among the tensile strength, moisture content, and shrinkage characteristics of fine-grained soils. This methodology is appreciable due to its applicability to a wide range of moisture contents, comparable ease of sample preparation and testing, and the obtained results lack generalization. Exhaustive tests were conducted on fine-grained soils of entirely different characteristics and generalized relationships have been proposed between the percentage linear shrinkage, tensile strength, and moisture content (defined as liquid to solid ratio). Based on a critical analysis of the results available in the literature, the efficiency of such relationships for determination of tensile strength of fine-grained soils has been demonstrated. In the authors’ opinion, such relationships would be quite useful for determining tensile strength of fine-grained soils from their linear shrinkage, which can easily be measured in a conventional geotechnical engineering laboratory.     

土壤汞污染生物修复法的研究现状及发展前景

近年来,利用生物修复法来治理受汞污染的土壤得到了迅速发展,并取得了很多的成果。文章对土壤汞污染生物修复技术的国内外研究现状进行综述,进而展望其发展前景,以对今后土壤修复进行指导。     

Zum Tragverhalten der selbstregulierenden interaktiven Membrangründung

On the load bearing behavior of the self‐regulating interactive membrane foundation system The paper reports on a new foundation system, the self‐regulating membrane foundation, for embankments on deep soft soil deposits, such as stockpiles or infrastructure embankments. The load bearing behavior of the system was analyzed by means of centrifuge model tests and comprehensive numerical simulations, such as global sensitivity analyses and parametric studies. The results of those analyses and the derived design approach are presented in the paper. The paper concludes with a validation of the design approach, by comparison with results of the numerical simulation.     

Particle loss: An initial investigation into size effects and stress-dilatancy

Drained triaxial tests have been performed to explore the effect of particle loss on shearing behaviour and critical states in granular mixtures. The mixtures comprise Leighton Buzzard sand (d₅₀ = 0.8 mm), to which was added 15% by mass of salt particles of different nominal sizes: 0.063 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm. Shearing behaviours before and after particle loss (by dissolution) were compared. A good fit is observed between the test data and a stress-dilatancy relationship for the post-dissolution tests, highlighting the ability of the stress-dilatancy analysis as a means to interpret the effects of particle loss on shearing. It was noted that critical state strength parameter M is determined by the post-dissolution grading regardless of size of removed particle. However, the duration of contractant volumetric strain increased with the larger removed particles (0.25 mm & 0.5 mm) even when initial specific volumes were virtually identical. It is suggested that a loose volumetric state is reached if the sand particle network is initially disrupted by the amount and/or size of salt particles, which following dissolution results in structural or fabric phenomena that are not reflected in scalar volumetric measures such as specific volume.     

非饱和土的热-水力-力学本构模型及数值模拟

在CAP模型的基础上提出了一个非饱和土的热 -水力 -力学本构模型 ,着重考虑了温度对于非饱和土的水力 -力学性质的影响。基于实验结果和前人的工作 ,在模型中重现了热软化现象 ,计及了温度升高导致土壤前固结压力的降低和非饱和土吸力增加屈服线 (SI)中临界吸力值的降低。应用该模型进行了数值模拟计算 ,通过模拟结果和实验结果的比较 ,验证了模型的适用性和可靠性。     

波在饱和土中传播的若干问题

从Ｂｉｏｔ理论和混合物理论的一致性出发，提出了饱和土中波传播一些有别于国内外学者的看法。包括对Ｂｉｏｔ理论的理解，水相运动方程的描述，饱和土中Ｐ波的定义，及Ｂａｒｄｅｔ饱和土粘弹性模型的缺陷等。     

成层地基非线性波动问题人工边界与波动输入研究

建立了考虑非线性效应的无限成层地基波动模拟的时域人工边界条件及相应的波动输入方法。首先，推导了线性阻尼介质中的一维人工边界公式，进而推广得到近似的二维人工边界方程：然后，通过等效线性化处理，获得了近似考虑远场成层地基非线性效应的人工边界：最后，建立了相应的波动输入方法。数值算例表明，所给出的人工边界与波动输入方法具有良好的精度，可以方便地应用于成层地基非线性波动问题的研究。     

厦门残积土的静动力学特性与震陷特性研究

用GDS应力路径三轴试验、振动三轴试验和振动台模型试验研究了厦门2种残积土的静动力学特性与震陷特性.发现花岗岩残积土具有剪缩特性,回弹体积模量随偏应力增大而显著提高;确定了花岗岩残积土的变形强度参数,并首次得到该土的液化曲线;建立了火成岩残积土的振动残余变形与模拟地震加速度及荷载之间的关系,并用其预估厦门填海地基的震陷量.     

地铁盾构隧道周边建筑物地基基础变形控制研究

城市地铁隧道穿越建筑物地基基础施工前一般要进行评价,并且要求提出相邻建筑物地基基础在施工期间的变形控制标准,这是地下空间开发利用的一大技术难题。本文结合北京地铁十号线一工程实例,详细阐述了对相邻建筑物的一系列工程评价方法,提出了该段地铁隧道周边建筑物地基基础变形控制标准。为地铁隧道成功穿越该建筑物地基邻域提供了科学有效的技术支持。