面向智慧小镇建设的机房电气管线多目标优化布置方法

常规的管线布置优化方法难以在优化过程中得到全局搜索的最优解,导致安全性能无法得到保障,因此面向智慧小镇建设设计一个新的机房电气管线多目标优化布置方法。设置电气管线约束条件,将电压均值、单位时间内电流量、电气管线损耗恢复能力作为目标函数。优化管线布置全局搜索,使用交叉操作的方式不断得到更优解。建立多目标优化电气管线模型,得到电气管线多目标优化的数学模型。通过实验数据可知,该管线布置方法在算法测试中优于常规的3种算法,且在安全性能的检测中只与标准最优值相差6.22×10⁴,3个常规方法与标准最优值的差距为6.813×10⁴、7.6×10⁴、8.32×10⁴,因此可知该多目标优化的管线布置方法可以得到更优解。     

时空四维动态分析在采场及生产接续管理中的应用

时空四维动态分析管理理念是通过对矿井采场布局情况的精准分析,结合采场空间布置和时间布局,找出干涉点、影响点、关键点和突出问题,对生产布局情况进行动态循环调整,保障采场接续正常,为矿井长远稳定发展提供理论基础。     

Improved indoor environment through optimised ventilator and furniture positioning: A case of slum rehabilitation housing,Mumbai, India

This study optimized the ventilator and furniture location of a tenement unit in a low-income urban habitat to obtain maximum experiential indoor environmental quality (e-IEQ) over the breathing zone. Hypothetical interior layouts using a combination of the two design parameters of ventilator location and bed position were generated for optimizing the design layout. This layout could promote maximum indoor airflow and minimum indoor air temperature and contaminant concentration. In this study, an improved indoor environment is hypothesized to be attainable through improved natural ventilation and thermal performance in the occupied zones. A sequential methodology involving “parametric design modeling–computational simulation–multiobjective optimization–multicriteria decision making”-based framework was selected. Results exhibited that the currently designed tenement unit had a poor indoor environment, whereas the hypothesized iterated layout “optimized design layout, scenario 3 (ODL 3)” derived from the optimization and decision-making algorithm performed effectively in providing e-IEQ. An increase in experiential indoor air velocity by 0.2 m/s and a decrease in temperature by 2 °C were observed over the monitoring point in the ODL 3 considering the existing scenario. Therefore, this study can find a way toward the development of sustainable habitat design guidelines under upcoming slum redevelopment policies across the nation.     

带检测环节的制造单元布局优化

针对带检测环节的智能制造单元，考虑其具有随机性因素的特点，本文对其机器布局问题进行研究。首先对该智能制造单元的生产过程及特点进行分析，建立其机器布局优化问题的随机非线性整数规划的数学模型；然后建立该智能制造单元对应的仿真模型，对该优化问题进行求解；最后分析抽检率的变化对最优解造成的影响，并对该智能制造单元的性能指标进行方差分析，研究不同的布局方案和抽检率对系统性能的影响程度。研究成果为企业进行智能制造单元的机器布局提供决策依据。     

A grid-based facilities allocation approach with safety and optimal heat exchanger networks synthesis

A new approach is presented to determine optimal layout of facilities where toxic releases may occur in an existing or new facility. The land area is divided in equally sized rectangular grids, where each grid contains up to one facility surrounded by streets. Some facilities may produce hot and/or cold streams and the associated heat exchangers network (HEN) is simultaneously optimized with the layout problem. The three dimensions of geographical allocation points for each generated stream are included in the model. No additional cost for geographical allocation of heating and cooling services is considered since every facility is expected to contain these services regardless of their use in the HEN. The toxic effect is estimated via probit functions and its associated risk reduction results in providing safety to the combined HEN-facility layout problem. The grid-based allocation eliminates numerical difficulties appearing with conventional non-overlapping and Euclidian distance equations.     

Dynamic facility layout problem in footwear industry

Dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) deals with the arrangement of machines in a site as to minimize the sum of materials handling and re-layout costs by considering multi periods. The DFLP studies in the literature provide several different algorithms and utilize the well known test problems to assess their performance. However, real life applications are overlooked. The industries such as footwear and clothing are prone to seasonal demand changes. Therefore, time horizons and layout/re-layout of the machines within the facility should be studied carefully. This study considers a footwear facility and several scenarios are generated by using the real life data. A clonal selection based algorithm is proposed to solve the real life DFLP. The performance of the algorithm, further the effect of time periods on solution quality and applicability of the results are tested and promising results are obtained.     

Design for comfort and social interaction in future vehicles: A study on the leg space between facing-seats configuration

With the advent of future vehicles, passengers expect to travel in comfort, and the free leg space between facing-seats could be an issue due to the unsuitability for all people, according to their anthropometric variability. A previous investigation survey showed the need to increase the leg-space between facing seats and, if installed, to improve the surface of the table placed in between. So, four different distances between seat-pans front edges of facing seats have been set-up and tested (44 cm, 51 cm, 58 cm, 65 cm) with a table in between. 13 couples of participants with different heights took part to experiments. The aim was to investigate the relationship between facing-seat distances and passenger wellbeing in terms of postural comfort and social interaction. Postural comfort has been analysed through optical tracking (for postural angles overtime) and questionnaires (perceived comfort). Social interaction feelings have been investigated with questionnaires. Experiment results showed the suitable distance could be 51 cm keeping the same table surface; otherwise, the 65 cm one could be ideal changing the table surface.Relevance to industryWith the advent of autonomous driving, vehicle manufacturers and designers are working hard to define new paradigms of public transportation in terms of seat layout, passenger wellbeing and interiors’ design. This paper contributes to increasing the general knowledge on the effects of distance between facing seats on postural comfort and social interaction.     

An engineering method for complex structural optimization involving both size and topology design variables

This work presents an engineering method for optimizing structures made of bars, beams, plates, or a combination of those components. Corresponding problems involve both continuous (size) and discrete (topology) variables. Using a branched multipoint approximate function, which involves such mixed variables, a series of sequential approximate problems are constructed to make the primal problem explicit. To solve the approximate problems, genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to optimize discrete variables, and when calculating individual fitness values in GA, a second-level approximate problem only involving retained continuous variables is built to optimize continuous variables. The solution to the second-level approximate problem can be easily obtained with dual methods. Structural analyses are only needed before improving the branched approximate functions in the iteration cycles. The method aims at optimal design of discrete structures consisting of bars, beams, plates, or other components. Numerical examples are given to illustrate its effectiveness, including frame topology optimization, layout optimization of stiffeners modeled with beams or shells, concurrent layout optimization of beam and shell components, and an application in a microsatellite structure. Optimization results show that the number of structural analyses is dramatically decreased when compared with pure GA while even comparable to pure sizing optimization.     

基于Android平台利用表格布局制作简易计算器界面

Android程序设计中,有6大布局方法。文章重点论述了基于Android平台利用表格布局来制作一个简易的计算器界面,涉及详细的操作步骤,对计算器界面进行有效美化和优化,并做出总结。     

“智能+”与全媒体视域下的中国新媒体发展布局分析

近几年来,我国对于互联网和相关新媒体工作的规划已经开始呈现密集的特点。在我国相关政策的支持下,新媒体发展理念得到重新规划。通过“智能+”的方式有效推动新媒体向数字生态系统方面发展。先说明“智能+”与全媒体视域下中国新媒体的总体内容,然后说明中国新媒体的未来发展趋势。