中国足球超级联赛U23新政何以有效?——基于“足协-俱乐部”的博弈

中超联赛自2017赛季推出U23新政以来备受争议。在"上有政策下有对策"的非合作博弈下，U23新政如何才能实现政策初衷?该文首次采用不完全信息静态博弈模型分析了U23新政下足协与俱乐部的博弈均衡。研究表明：（1）足协推行新政的最优概率为俱乐部采取积极策略给足协带来的净收益与消极策略带来的净收益之比，实质上取决于俱乐部的遵从度。（2）在缺乏讨价还价权时，俱乐部对新政采取消极应对策略是为了减少净损失。俱乐部积极应对的最优概率为消极应对的净损失占其与积极应对的加成即期收益损失之和的比值，实为两害相权取其轻。为激励俱乐部采取积极策略，应降低俱乐部消极应对策略的净收益或积极应对策略的加成即期收益。（3）提高U23新政有效性的治标之策是减少U23政策对中下游球队的冲击，实行有差别的U23政策；对U23球员上场时间低于均值的俱乐部，实行等额或超额递减分成机制。治本之策是培育一个可预期、可持续、可盈利的足球市场，俱乐部能够内生出建立百年基业的长效机制；继续深化足协的去行政化改革，使之向完全社团法人转型。     

社会企业视角下我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设研究

本文的研究目的在于在社会企业与青少年体育俱乐部之间建立一种学术联系,基于社会企业的视角探寻我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设的路径,为我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设提供新视角。根据研究目的的需要,主要采用文献研究法及理论分析法。研究结论为:社会企业作为一种运用市场的理念和模式实现公益目标的创新型社会组织,能为我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设提供启示。基于社会企业的视角,分别从内部治理能力、组织发展能力、外部拓展能力、公益开展能力等方面提出了我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设的路径。内部治理能力建设,就是要建立现代化的管理制度;组织发展能力建设,就是要实施市场营销策略和培育社会资本;外部拓展能力建设,就是要强化信用意识和承担社会责任;公益开展能力建设,就是要提高体育发展能力和健康促进能力。     

Resource utilisation and power relations of community sport clubs in the aftermath of natural disasters

Community sport clubs (CSCs) provide a number of benefits to local communities, while confronting challenges with finances and staffing. In Queensland, Australia, these challenges have been compounded by recent natural disasters including widespread flooding that have significantly impacted operations of CSCs. The current research explores the provision of resources to CSCs in the aftermath of flooding events in 2010 and 2011, as well as the influence on power relations between CSCs and resource providers. To address this research purpose, qualitative data were collected across nine site visits (focus groups, interviews) to affected CSCs. The data revealed three resource providers: volunteers and members, partner organisations and government. In addition, the results indicate that relations between CSCs and members and volunteers, partner organisations and government were impacted in different ways. Examples of resource providers wielding power over CSCs due to the provision of resources emerged, along with some evidence of mutual power and dependence and CSCs exerting power over resource providers. The results provide implications for CSC managers to be more proactive in relation to resourcing through developing strategies for network building and improved communication within networks.     

Modelling the decision to volunteer in organised sports

Using a heterodox economic approach, the purpose of this paper is twofold: to analyse the determinants of (1) volunteering in organised sports, and (2) time committed to that volunteering. By means of regression analysis of secondary data from a nation-wide volunteer survey with two waves (2004: n = 15,000; 2009: n = 20,005), it was established that human capital, female gender and the motive of shaping society had a negative influence on the decision to volunteer while the number of engagements in other volunteering had a positive effect. Time committed to volunteering was determined by male gender, having children, meeting people, club membership, shaping society and number of voluntary engagements. The volunteer workforce is thus very heterogeneous; however, sport club managers should recruit volunteers in particular amongst existing members.     

读书会的发展与阅读推广组织方式

[目的/意义]当前高校图书馆阅读推广日益重要,针对读书会这一有效的蓷推广方式,分析其利弊,有助于完善读者书会的组织方式,引导读书会更好地发展。[方法/过程]查阅文献资料,搜集整理优秀的读书会案例,调查了解其组织方式,总结国内外读书会的发展史、分类、组织方式及特色,分析并探讨目前我国国内读书会普遍存在的不足之外。[结果/结论]读书会由于小众、自由,同其他阅读推广方式相比,缺乏影响力,未来发展应注重联合多方资源与力量,强化内部管理,并借助多媒体平台,推动读书会更好发展。     

恒大模式对我国职业足球发展的理性思考

运用文献资料法、数理统计法,分析恒大模式对我国职业足球发展的积极影响和消极影响,旨在实现我国职业足球的可持续发展。     

Reliability and validity of a talent identification test battery for seated and standing Paralympic throws

Paralympic throwing events for athletes with physical impairments comprise seated and standing javelin, shot put, discus and seated club throwing. Identification of talented throwers would enable prediction of future success and promote participation; however, a valid and reliable talent identification battery for Paralympic throwing has not been reported. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of a talent identification battery for Paralympic throws. Participants were non-disabled so that impairment would not confound analyses, and results would provide an indication of normative performance. Twenty-eight non-disabled participants (13 M; 15 F) aged 23.6 years (±5.44) performed five kinematically distinct criterion throws (three seated, two standing) and nine talent identification tests (three anthropometric, six motor); 23 were tested a second time to evaluate test–retest reliability. Talent identification test–retest reliability was evaluated using Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots (Limits of Agreement). Spearman’s correlation assessed strength of association between criterion throws and talent identification tests. Reliability was generally acceptable (mean ICC = 0.89), but two seated talent identification tests require more extensive familiarisation. Correlation strength (mean r_s = 0.76) indicated that the talent identification tests can be used to validly identify individuals with competitively advantageous attributes for each of the five kinematically distinct throwing activities. Results facilitate further research in this understudied area.     

商业健身俱乐部发展的影响因素研究——以南宁市为例

近年来,随着经济的发展以及北京奥运的成功举行,南宁市的商业健身俱乐部也快速发展,但大部分俱乐部还处于起步阶段,受到各种因素的制约。影响南宁市商业健身俱乐部发展的主要因素是,市民的健身观念和体育消费意识;俱乐部服务质量以及员工素质;俱乐部内部经营管理体制;政府有关政策法规不够完善;同行竞争激烈。鉴于此,南宁市商业健身俱乐部发展应采取相应的对策。     

4P理论视角下商业体育健身俱乐部的营销策略研究

随着我国体育管理体制改革的推进,商业健身俱乐部如雨后春笋不断涌现,并受到广大健身爱好者的青睐。试运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,从商业健身俱乐部营销策略的研究出发,结合4P营销组合策略的产品、价格、渠道、促销四个要素在商业健身俱乐部中的运用,为我国商业健身俱乐部的经营发展提供理论依据。     

哈尔滨市经营性健身俱乐部经营管理机制实施现状与对策研究

采用文献资料、实地调研与访谈等研究方法,对哈尔滨市健身俱乐部的微观经营管理机制的实施情况进行了调研与分析,发现了存在的问题,提出了对策建议,以为哈尔滨市健身俱乐部的可持续发展提供依据。俱乐部经营管理机制的实施在管理制度层面主要包括建立健全教学服务管理和人事管理等制度;在经营策略层面主要包括加强营销管理和品牌管理等经营方式。