恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹27例临床分析

目的　接受放化疗的恶性肿瘤患者并发带状疱疹的临床分析。方法　回顾性分析 1998年 1月至2 0 0 3年 11月的 2 7例恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹的住院患者的临床资料、治疗方法、随访结果。结果　全组死亡 16例 (5 9% ) ,其中 11例 (41% )死于发病后 0 .5 a内 ,3例 (11% )死于发病后 1a内 ,2例 (7% )死于发病后 3a内。死亡的 16例患者中 ,播散型患者 7例 ,局限型患者 9例。结论　对恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹应有足够的认识 ,以期早发现、早诊断、早治疗 ,减少不必要的并发症的发生     

表观扩散系数值在直肠癌术前放化疗疗效评价中的应用价值

目的 探讨表现扩散系数(ADC)值在评估直肠癌术前同步放化疗疗效的可行性及应用价值.方法 20例术前同步放化疗的直肠癌患者,在放化疗前、放疗至10 Gy、放疗至20 Gy及手术前4个监测时间点行磁共振检查,测量ADC值,并测量病灶长度和厚度.将患者放化疗前的临床分期及术后分期比较分为T-降期组和T-未降期组,应用方差分析及独立样本t检验比较肿瘤ADC值、长度及厚度的变化情况.结果 两组平均ADC值在放疗前及放疗至20 Gy时差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 ),其中T-降期组在放疗至20 Gy时平均ADC值较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 ).两组病灶平均长度及厚度在各监测时间点差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但两组病灶放化疗前的平均长度及厚度与手术前比较明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 术前放化疗对直肠癌的治疗有效.ADC值在早期评价直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效方面具有一定的价值.     

调强放疗联合周剂量顺铂治疗老年人食管癌临床疗效观察

目的：观察调强放疗联合周剂量顺铂治疗老年人食管癌的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法将60例局部晚期老年食管癌患者采用数字表法随机分为同步放化疗组（ CRT组）30例和单纯放疗组（ RT组）30例,两组均采用6MV－X射线调强放疗,放疗剂量：DT 60 Gy／30次／6周。 CRT组在放疗第2天开始给予顺铂20～25 mg／m^2,1次／周,共6次。结果 CRT组、RT组近期有效率分别为80．0％、63．3％,差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝5．934,P＜0．05）。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎,基本为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,两组不良反应差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论调强放疗联合周剂量顺铂治疗老年人食管癌近期疗效显著,不良反应轻,患者耐受性好,值得临床推广。     

后程加速超分割放疗加同步化疗治疗晚期下咽低分化癌的临床观察

目的比较晚期下咽低分化或未分化癌患者通过常规放射治疗、后程加速超分割放疗加和不加同步化疗的近期疗效和副反应。方法72例晚期低分化或未分化下咽癌患者随机分为三组,即常规放疗(CIR)组、后程加速超分割(AH-FR)组和后程加速超分割加同步化疗(AHFR CC)组。结果三组在放疗半量(36Gy)时下咽病灶有效(PR CR)率分别为54·2%、54·2%和70·8%;颈部转移灶有效(PR CR)率分别为54·2%、54·2%和70·8%;全量放疗结束时下咽病灶完全消退(CR)率分别为66·7%、83·3%和87·5%,CIR组与AHFR CC组比较无明显差异性(P>0·05);颈部转移灶完全消退(CR)率分别为70·8%、83·3%和91·7%,CIR组与AHFR CC组比较无明显差异性(P>0·05);放化疗毒副作用所致恶心呕吐和骨髓抑制等差异有显著性(P<0·05)。结论晚期下咽低分化或未分化癌后程加速超分割放疗加同步化疗较单纯常规放疗疗效好,但毒副作用较重。     

Radiochemotherapy with amifostine cytoprotection for head and neck cancer

 A randomized study was conducted to evaluate the protective activity of amifostine (A) against the dose-limiting toxicities of radiochemotherapy (RCT). Patients with head and neck cancer received radiotherapy (2 Gy/day 5 days a week up to 60 Gy) with carboplatin 70 mg/m² on days 1–5 and 21–25 inclusive. Patients either received RCT alone (n=14) or RCT+A at a dose of 500 mg prior to treatment with carboplatin (n=25). There was a significant reduction in the incidence of grade 3/4 mucositis (P<0.0001), acute grade 2 xerostomia (P<0.0001) and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (P=0.012) in these patients who received A. The incidence of grade 2 late xerostomia at 12 months is 16.7% and the incidence of loss of taste is 0% in patients treated with A, as opposed to 54.5% and 63.6% in patients who received RCT alone. There were 18 (72%) complete responses (CR) and 6 (24%) partial responses (PR) in patients who received A, compared with 6 (43%) CR and 6 PR (43%) in patients treated with RCT alone. The disease-free survival at 12 months is 85.7% in the RCT+A arm and 78.6% in the RCT alone arm. The use of amifostine reduces the incidence and severity of acute and late toxicities associated with RCT whilst preserving antitumour activity.     

手术联合术前放化疗治疗食管鳞癌

目的 观察术前放化疗对中晚期食管鳞癌(ESCC)患者病理分期和预后的影响.方法 1997年至2007年,477例晚期食管鳞癌随机分为4组:术前化疗组、术前放疗组、术前放化疗组及单纯手术组(对照组),对比各组切除率、病理分期、相关并发症及生存率.结果 术前放疗组及术前放化疗组与对照组对比,根治性切除率提高(P＜0.05),且术后病理分期显著降期(50.8%、54.2%比0%,P＜0.05),而术前化疗组与对照组对比,切除率及病理分期均无显著改善.各组新辅助疗法相关并发症与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3年生存率术前放疗组、术前放化疗组及对照组分别为69.5%、72.9%、53.4%,对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前放疗组、术前放化疗组与对照组5年生存率对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),放化疗组高于放疗组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 合理应用术前放化疗可有效提高中晚期食管鳞癌患者的根治性切除率及生存率.     

Intensified neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a review

Background The rate of local recurrence of locally advanced rectal cancer (stage III and IV according to the criteria of Union Internationale Contre Le Cancer) is still high, and also the rate of distant metastases. There are a lot of phase I/II trails of intensified neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with different chemotherapeutic agents and current protocols to radiotherapy. Aim The objective of this review of literature was to evaluate the necessity, the results, and comparability of the different regimes and to evaluate a potential impact on later adjuvant chemotherapy.     

Gender-specific acute organ toxicity during intensified preoperative radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer

Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (cUICC stages II/III) are typically treated with preoperative 5-fluorouracil-based (5-FU-based) radiochemotherapy (RCT). However, trials are currently being conducted to improve the complete remission rates and the systemic control by combining 5-FU with oxaliplatin. The primary objective was to identify the subgroups of rectal cancer patients who were at risk for high-grade toxicity. All 196 patients who were included in the present study were treated with 50.4 Gy and chemotherapy that included either 5-FU (n = 115) or 5-FU+oxaliplatin (n = 81). The preoperative RCT was followed by a total mesorectal excision and adjuvant chemotherapy. Acute toxicity was monitored weekly and a toxicity grade ≥3 (Common Toxicity Criteria) for a skin reaction, cystitis, proctitis, or enteritis was defined as high-grade acute organ toxicity. After RCT with 5-FU+oxaliplatin, complete tumor remission was achieved in 13.6% of the patients and in 11.3% after RCT with 5-FU alone. Complete irradiation dosages of 50.4 Gy were given to 99% (5-FU) and 95% (5-FU+oxaliplatin) of the patients. Concomitant chemotherapy was fully administered in 95% of the patients treated with 5-FU compared with the 84% of patients treated with 5-FU+oxaliplatin. A significantly higher proportion of acute organ toxicity was found in the patients who were treated with 5-FU+oxaliplatin compared with those who were treated with 5-FU. Additionally, women with a low body mass index were at the highest risk for acute organ toxicity. These results suggest that there are basic clinical parameters, such as gender and body mass index, that may be potential markers for generating individual risk profiles of RCT-induced toxicity.     

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of selected patients with distal rectal cancer: 15 years experience

Background  Local therapy for early rectal cancer is a valid alternative to the classical radical operation, which has a higher morbidity and mortality rate. The use of high-dose preoperative radiation appears to enhance the options for sphincter-saving surgery even for T2–T3 rectal cancer patients with effective local control. The authors report their experience with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) used to manage selected cases of distal rectal cancer without evidence of nodal or distant metastasis (N0–M0). Methods  The study enrolled 196 patients with rectal cancer (51 T1, 84 T2, and 61 T3). All the patients staged preoperatively as T2 and T3 underwent preoperative high-dose radiotherapy, and since 1997, patients younger than 70 years in good general condition also have undergone preoperative chemotherapy. Results  Minor complications were observed in 17 patients (8.6%) and major complications in only 3 patients (1.5%). The definitive histology was 33 pT0 (17%), 73 pT1 (37%), 66 pT2 (34%), and 24 pT3 (12%). Eight patients (5 pT2 and 3 pT3) experienced local recurrence (4.1%). The rectal cancer-specific survival rate at the end of the follow-up period was 100% for pT1, 90% for pT2, and 77% for pT3 patients. Conclusions  Patients with T1 cancer and favorable histologic features may undergo local excision alone, whereas those with T2 and T3 rectal cancer require preoperative radiochemotherapy. The results in the authors’ experience after TEM appear not to be substantially different in terms of local recurrence and survival rate from those described for conventional surgery.