Surface Segregation Mechanisms in Ferroelectric Thin Films

Reliability issues have hampered the adoption of ferroelectric thin films by the microelectronics industry. One of these is imprint, an important problem affecting the performance of ferroelectric non-volatile memories. This paper presents the effects of the low temperature pyrolysis step on the chemical and physical properties of SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ films. A comparison of the hysteretic properties and composition profiles shows that control of the oxidising conditions during pyrolysis is critical to the dielectric properties. Data from this work and from the literature have been used to construct a model that explains the origin of surface depletion and segregation, self poling and as-grown imprint in ferroelectric films.     

Short communication: Identification of variation in the ovine prolactin gene of Chios sheep with a cost-effective sequence-based typing assay

The present study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the coding and untranslated regions of the ovine prolactin gene of Chios sheep. By developing a cost-effective direct sequence-based typing assay, around 600 bp of reliable sequencing data and clear identification of heterozygous positions was achieved. Five SNP were found, located in exons 2 (KC764410:g.567G>A, g.625C>T, g.683C>A) and 3 (KC764410:g.2015C>A, g.2101G>A), whereas the remaining exons were monomorphic. The identified SNP were synonymous, with the exception of the g.567G>A SNP, which results in an Arg to His amino acid change. As the sequencing cost of the sequence-based typing assay was 20 orders of magnitude lower compared with a standard Sanger method, the assay was also used as a genotyping tool. The identified polymorphism was genotyped for 247 ewes and was subsequently used in mixed model association analyses of milk yield, milk fat content, and litter size at birth. The association analysis revealed a significant dominance effect of 0.17 ± 0.07 of the g.2015C>A SNP on milk fat percentage, whereas a dominance effect of ?21.33 ± 10.51 of the same SNP on total lactation milk yield was also estimated. The g.2015C>A SNP explained 2.47 and 3.68% of the total phenotypic variance of milk yield and milk fat percentage, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the animal variance were 7.14 and 11.75%. A suggestive association of the nonsynonymous g.567G>A SNP with litter size at birth was also detected.     

Formation and stability of pyrochlore in sputtered SBT thin films

Abstract

In magnetron sputtering of SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ (SBT) thin films, bismuth deficiency tends to result in formation of an unwanted pyrochlore phase. In this paper, the dependence of deposition parameters on phase evolution in Sr deficient SBT thin films is studied. Only when bismuth is over stoichiometric (Sr_0.74Bi_2.2Ta₂O_9+x) can one obtain pure SBT structure. Decreasing the Bi content encourages formation of the Bi deficient pyrochlore phase. At 1.04 of Bi, only the pyrochlore phase forms. The pyrochlore phase is very stable even at 900°C.     

Effect of Nb Doping on (Sr,Ba)TiO3 (BST) Ceramic Samples

The effect of doping the Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Ti_(1–5y/4)Nb _y O₃ ceramic with different concentration of Nb is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and thermoelectric analysis. It is observed that the grain size decreases as the Nb concentration increases. The critical temperature T _c has a linear decrease at a rate of 19°C/mol% of Nb. The temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity presents strongly broadened curves, which suggest a non Curie-Weiss behavior near the transition temperature. The diffuse phase transition coefficient () was also determined and its value leads to the conclusion that the degree of disorder in the system increases with the presence of the Nb cation.     

SBT铁电薄膜及其脉冲准分子激光制备

采用脉冲准分子激光沉积法在Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ衬底上成功地制备了ＳＢＴ铁电薄膜，发现存在一个最佳沉积衬底温度约为４５０℃。在该温度下沉积的ＳＢＴ薄膜具有较饱和的方形电滞回线，其剩余极化Ｐｒ和矫顽电场Ｅｃ分别为８．４μＣ／ｃｍ２和５７ｋＶ／ｃｍ。     

冷轧辊表面毛化技术现状与进展

简述了几种新的冷轧辊表面毛化方法，比较种种毛化方法的工艺特性，同时介绍了冷轧辊表面毛化技术的国内外发展现状以及宝钢在轧辊毛化技术方面试验研究的进状况，最后提出几点看法。     

扇区水泥胶结测井仪实验研究

扇区水泥胶结图像是通过扇区水泥胶结测井仪器（Scan Bound Tool,SBT）获得的。仪器的底端是发射探头,在距离发射探头0.6m处安装了一个接收探头。接收探头用一个压电圆管,分成8个等间隔的扇区极化,每个扇区接收到一个波形,一共8个波形。用实验的方法研究了激发脉冲宽度和幅度对波形幅度和频率的影响。取出每个波形的首波幅度得到8条曲线,描述圆周8个扇区的水泥胶结情况。将每个深度点对应的8个幅值用颜色表示出来,得到整个圆周的水泥胶结图像。由于圆周方向只有8个扇区,分辨率比较低,图像边缘不清晰。对观测到的8个扇区的幅度值用高斯函数进行插值处理后,图像边缘得到了一定改善。分别用线性插值,二次插值处理后,图像连续、边缘清晰,对比度明显增强,整个圆周不同扇区水泥胶结的差异显示明显,为进一步分析扇区水泥胶结提供了基础。     

SBT测井技术在塔河油田低密度固井质量评价中的应用

介绍了塔河油田采用低密度水泥固井的地质背景,指出了低密度水泥固井质量评价的难点.阐述了SBT定量评价低密度水泥固井质量的理论基础和方法原理.最后通过现场SBT测井资料的处理效果表明,该测井方法解释结论真实可靠,突破了常规声波变密度测井的局限性,具有良好的应用效果.     

Developing a conductive oxygen barrier for ferroelectric integration

For high-density FeRAM memories, the 1T–1C architecture has been proposed. In this scheme, the ferrocapacitor (FeCAP), a metal\ferroelectric film\metal-like sandwich, is placed directly on top of polysilicon or tungsten plugs contacted to the underlying CMOS technology. Our ferroelectric material of choice, SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ (SBT), requires crystallization anneals ranging from 650 to 800 °C in full oxygen. The bottom electrode (BE) needs to be conductive, as well as an oxygen barrier to protect the underlying plug from oxidation. We have developed a BE stack combination consisting of Pt/IrO₂/Ir/Ti(Al)N. Each layer plays a critical role in the performance of the barrier. Issues such as thermal expansion, stress relaxation, grain growth, and oxidation can be critical in order to have a working bottom electrode. For capacitor formation, the complete stack is etched and covered by SBT. Since all layers are in contact with SBT, it is important to understand how the ferroelectric interacts with both the individual layers and the combined structure. In this paper, we will present our understanding of the chemical reactivity between SBT and the BE stack, which has been successfully engineered to prevent oxidation of the underlying plug.     

扇区水泥胶结测井SBT在吐哈油田的应用

为了解决吐哈油田固井质量精细化评价问题,2011年引进了扇区水泥胶结测井SBT并在吐哈油田成功应用。文章介绍了该仪器测井原理、刻度方法、解释标准,并通过编程计算出用于评价第一、二界面胶结质量的胶结比BR,水泥抗压强度,水泥缺失率等关键参数,文章还列举了二口井的应用实例。