利培酮和氯丙嗪治疗时血糖代谢变化

目的:研究使用抗精神病药影响血糖代谢的特点。方法:198例未曾治疗或停药3个月以上的精神分裂症住院患者给予氯丙嗪或利培酮治疗。于入院时及治疗1、2、3和6个月时检测血糖浓度。结果:氯丙嗪组治疗2个月餐后2 h糖耐量试验(2hPG)、6个月后糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)浓度均明显高于治疗前。治疗6个月血葡萄糖调节受损(IGR),氯丙嗪组有15.54%,利培酮组有7.37%;≥40岁者2hPG和HbA1C明显高于<40岁者。结论:2hPG和HbA1C浓度增高是糖代谢异常的早期表现,早期干预有利于防止IGR。     

氯氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症患者体质量的影响

目的:探讨氯氮平和利培酮对精神分裂症患者体质量(体重)的影响及相关因素。方法:选择符合国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)精神分裂症的诊断标准,空腹血糖正常,无严重躯体疾病,1周内未用任何抗精神病药的住院患者,共计65例,其中利培酮组32例,氯氮平组33例。两组患者于治疗前和治疗6周末分别做葡萄糖耐量试验,测空腹血胰岛素,测量体质量、身高,计算体质量指数(BMI),评定阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)。结果:①治疗后体质量增加者氯氮平组24例(占72.7%),利培酮组19例(占59.4%);氯氮平组体质量平均增加2.5kg,利培酮组1.4kg;②氯氮平组体质量增加与进食量增加、胰岛素水平增加和PANSS评分减分率相关(P<0·05),体质量增加者餐后1h血糖升高;③利培酮组体质量增加与年龄、病程显著相关(P<0·05),与基础BMI存在负相关倾向;④两组治疗后均出现糖耐量减低(IGT)和暂时诊断糖尿病(DM)。结论:氯氮平和利培酮均能导致体质量增加,体质量增加更易对糖代谢造成不良影响。     

Risperidone and cognitive function in children with disruptive behavior disorders.

BACKGROUND: Effects of risperidone on cognitive function in children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and subaverage intelligence quotient (IQ) were assessed. METHODS: Data from two 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (n = 228) were combined, as were three 1-year, open-label studies (n = 688). Patients with DBDs and subaverage IQ, 5 to14 years, received placebo or risperidone .02 to .06 mg/kg/day. Cognitive measures included the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and Verbal Learning Test for Children (VLT-C). Efficacy was assessed using the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF). Adverse events were collected via spontaneous report; sedation was assessed using visual analog scale. RESULTS: Improvements on the NCBRF Conduct Problem subscale were significantly greater for risperidone- versus placebo-treated patients (-15.8 vs. -6.4, p < .0001) in short-term studies; significant reductions were observed in long-term studies (-16.3, p < .0001). No overall decline and some significant improvement in attention (CPT) and memory (VLT-C) were noted regardless of treatment in short-term studies. VLT-C improved significantly (p < .0001) for both groups, with no difference between treatment groups. Improvements in memory (VLT-C) and attention (CPT) were noted in long-term studies. Somnolence/sedation did not affect cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive function was not altered by risperidone in short-term studies and was maintained or improved with one year of treatment in children with DBDs and subaverage IQ, potentially representing age-appropriate gains.     

利培酮与奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究

目的:比较利培酮和奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症的临床疗效和安全性。方法:对66例老年精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别服用利培酮和奋乃静。疗程8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:利培酮和奋乃静疗效相当。利培酮对阴性症状起效更快。结论:利培酮和奋乃静治疗老年精神分裂症疗效相仿,利培酮不良反应少而轻。     

Atypical antipsychotics to treat the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in older adults with dementia and can be associated with a rapid decline in cognitive and functional status. This article reviews the current literature supporting the use of atypical antipsychotic medications in this population. Among the currently available atypical antipsychotics, risperidone and olanzapine have been the most widely studied in double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Despite the common use of other atypical antipsychotic medications, their efficacy and safety in older adults with dementia has not been as extensively studied. Some controversy surrounds the use of atypical antipsychotic agents in older adults with the suggestion that they may increase the incidence of stroke or even death. Despite the potential for increased risk of harm from the use of these medications, atypical antipsychotics are often effective in treating troublesome neuropsychiatric symptoms refractory to other treatments. Whenever possible, these atypical antipsychotic drug treatments should be combined with non-pharmacological treatments to limit the need and dose of antipsychotic drugs and constant monitoring for potential harms should be maintained. The choice of which atypical antipsychotic agent can be guided by the nature and severity of the target symptom and the medication least likely to cause harm to the patient.     

利培酮治疗难治性Tourette综合征对照观察

目的:探讨利培酮治疗难治性Tourette综合征(TS)的疗效和安全性。方法:对141例难治性TS患者,随机分为利培酮组(71例)和对照组(70例),进行8周的利培酮开放、对照研究。利培酮组以利培酮单药治疗,对照组以氟哌啶醇等单一或联合治疗。采用耶鲁抽动症状严重程度量表(YGTSS)Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS),于治疗前、治疗4、8周对两组进行临床疗效及安全性评估。结果:两组症状均有改善。治疗第4周利培酮组有效率56.3%,明显高于对照组32.9%(χ2=8.212,P<0.01);利培酮组YGTSS总分(39.97±15.62)分较对照组(49.84±13.91)分显著为低(P<0.01)。治疗8周时利培酮组有效率为71.8%,明显高于对照组51.4%(χ2=6.357,P<0.05);利培酮组YGTSS总分(17.20±11.24)分明显低于对照组(24.97±10.74)分(P<0.05);减分率(76.55±14.73)%明显高于对照组(66.86±14.28)%(P<0.01)。治疗4周和8周,两组的CBCL总分均显著减少(P<0.05)。治疗4周和8周,利培酮组TESS分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:利培酮对难治性TS疗效肯定,不良反应较轻。     

Risperidone exerts potent anti-aggressive effects in a developmentally immature animal model of escalated aggression.

BACKGROUND: Risperidone has been shown to be clinically effective for the treatment of aggressive behavior in children, yet no information is available regarding whether risperidone exhibits aggression-specific suppression in preclinical studies that use validated developmentally immature animal models of escalated aggression. Previously, we have shown that exposure to low doses of the psychostimulant cocaine-hydrochloride (.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) during the majority of pubertal development (postnatal days [P]27-57) generates animals that exhibit a high level of offensive aggression. This study examined whether risperidone exerts selective aggression-suppressing effects by using this pharmacologic animal model of highly escalated offensive aggression. METHODS: Experimental hamsters were tested for offensive aggression after the acute administration of risperidone (.05-1.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). RESULTS: Risperidone dose-dependently reduced the highly aggressive phenotype, with a significant reduction observed at .1-.2 mg/kg for most aggressive responses measured. Experimental animals treated with higher doses of risperidone (.3-1.0 mg/kg) showed significant reductions in aggression and social interest toward intruders, indicating more general behavioral inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: These studies provide evidence that risperidone exerts specific aggression-suppressing effects in a developmentally immature animal model of escalated aggression.     

利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症

为观察利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的有效性及安全性 ,采用口服利培酮治疗 2 0例首发精神分裂症住院患者 ,疗程 8周 ,以PANSS评定疗效 ,TESS观察副反应。结果 :显效率 40 % ,有效率 75 % ,起效时间为 1周。说明利培酮能有效地治疗首发精神分裂症 ,对阳性、阴性症状都有效 ,副反应小 ,安全性高。     

利培酮与氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的对照研究

目的：比较利培酮和氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的有效性和安全性。方法：６０例ＢＰＲＳ总分≥４０分,符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ精神分裂症诊断标准的患者,随机分为两组进行对照研究,分别给予利培酮和氯氮平口服治疗,以ＢＰＲＳ减分率为疗效评定指标,以ＴＥＳＳ评价副反应指标。结果：利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效肯定,８周末有效率为９０％,与氯氮平相仿。利培酮在治疗１周后起效,焦虑、抑郁和迟滞等症状群起效更早,明显早于氯氮平。剂量较小者锥体外系副反应轻,其它不良副反应发生率和严重程度均较氯氮平少而轻。结论：利培酮是治疗精神分裂症有效、安全的一线抗精神病药物     

精神分裂症患儿利司培酮治疗前后血清瘦素和白细胞介素-1β变化的意义

目的探讨精神分裂症患儿利司培酮治疗前后血清瘦素和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的变化及意义。方法观察组31例精神分裂症患儿,利司培酮治疗前和治疗8周后分别测量身高、体质量以计算体质量指数(BMI),用放射免疫法检测其空腹血清瘦素和IL-1β。选取31例健康儿童作为对照组。结果观察组治疗后BMI、血清瘦素水平均明显上升,与治疗前相比差异均有显著性(P均<0.05);观察组血清IL-1β水平在治疗前与对照组相比明显增高,治疗后明显下降,与治疗前相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患儿血清IL-1β水平明显升高,利司培酮治疗后易出现药源性肥胖,低IL-1β水平可能是瘦素抵抗的原因之一。