Freeze-drying and mechanical redispersion of aqueous PEDOT:PSS

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are attracting famous applications in antistatic coating, energy storage and conversion, printed electronics, and biomedical fields due to their conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility. However, PEDOT:PSS has poor dispersion stability during long-term storage and transport. Moreover, the dried PEDOT:PSS films are insoluble in any solvent and cannot be redispersed again. In comparison to bake drying, here, a feasible strategy to achieve mechanically redispersed PEDOT:PSS with the help of freeze-drying process was reported. The redispersed PEDOT:PSS can recover not only the initial characters such as pH, chemical composition, viscosity, and particle size under similar solid contents, but also conductivity and surface morphology of treated films. In addition, the treated film exhibits self-healing properties similar to pristine film in terms of mechanical and electrical properties. This technology enables reuse and overcomes the technical problems of PEDOT:PSS dispersion, realizing real-time processing to meet variable applications.     

冷冻干燥过程相迁移和相分布的孔尺度网络模型与模拟

构建了51×51二维孔-喉网络模型对冷冻干燥过程的升华干燥阶段进行模拟。与传统的连续介质模型相比，孔网络模型的特征是具有跟踪干燥过程中物料内部的干燥前沿和相分布的能力。采用网络模型预测了牛肉和火鸡肉的干燥曲线，并模拟了不同冻结速率的火鸡肉在干燥过程中形成的相分布。讨论了模型的计算特性，并分析了孔径分布对相分布特性的影响。结果表明：网络模型可较好地预测升华干燥阶段，可在孔尺度上揭示干燥过程的动力学机理，将为准确地判断升华干燥与解析干燥的转变点提供理论计算基础。     

珍珠层粉/壳聚糖多孔支架的制备及分析测试

用负压真空冷冻干燥机在-20℃条件下冷冻干燥48h制备珍珠层粉/壳聚糖复合多孔支架。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察支架表面形貌,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对材料进行表征测试,检测其降解性能,并将兔骨髓间充质干细胞与支架共培养检测材料细胞毒性。结果表明复合支架具有稳固的三维多孔结构,孔隙率最大至91.64%,孔径在100~300μm范围,降解性能适宜,且冷冻干燥制备方法对珍珠层粉的结构无明显破坏,并具有良好的生物相容性,有利于细胞的生长。     

全营养冻干方便米饭的配方设计与研究

采用线性规划法(LP),结合SPSS进行配方设计,得到冻干方便米饭的最佳配方为:主食大米650 g;配菜分别为猪肉140.195 g(20.67％)、豌豆167.740 g(24.73％)、菠菜186.946 g(27.56％)、土豆96.184 g(14.18％)、带鱼47.749 g(7.04％)、绿油菜39.465 g(5.82％).结合真空冷冻干燥技术,从营养和感官两个角度与四川得益方便米饭和贵州伊妹方便米饭进行比较,对产品进行综合评价.结果表明,方便米饭配方产品较四川得益和贵州伊妹具有一定的优势.     

人体骨髓基质干细胞冷冻干燥的探索性实验

人体骨髓基质干细胞已成为组织工程、细胞移植和基因治疗等领域的重要研究对象,目前对它已有低温保存的研究,而通过冷冻干燥的方法对其进行保存国内外未见报导.实验尝试用冻干的方法来保存骨髓基质干细胞.文中选取海藻糖、PVP、HES等作保护剂,应用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测量其结晶温度和玻璃化转变温度;随后对加入保护剂的细胞溶液进行冻干实验,并应用流式细胞仪对冻干样品复水后的细胞活性进行了测定,其中30%PVP 20%海藻糖对细胞的保护效果较好,细胞成活率达到16.40%.     

真空冷冻干燥机内的水蒸气压力分布计算

试图从冻干过程中冻干室内水蒸气压力分布不均匀的角度,分析解释大型真空冷冻干燥机存在的不同部位物料干燥速率不均匀问题.通过建立描述搁板层间通道和搁板组间抽气通道内水蒸气流动的数学模型,计算得出流动通道内的水蒸气压力分布规律.定义了2个通道特征系数,反映出冻干机结构、工艺参数对水蒸气压力分布的影响作用.计算结果可以用于估算冻干机内不同部位物料的干燥速率,并可为确定冻干机关键结构工艺参数提供重要的理论参考依据.     

A lyophilized etoposide submicron emulsion with a high drug loading for intravenous injection: preparation,evaluation, and pharmacokinetics in rats

Objective: To develop a submicron emulsion for etoposide with a high drug loading capacity using a drug–phospholipid complex combined with drug freeze-drying techniques. Methods: An etoposide–phospholipid complex (EPC) was prepared and its structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. A freeze-drying technique was used to produce lyophilized etoposide emulsions (LEPE), and LEPE was investigated with regard to their appearance, particle size, and zeta potential. The pharmacokinetic study in vivo was determined by the UPLC/MS/MS system. Results: It showed that EPC significantly improved the liposolubility of etoposide, indicating a high drug loading intravenous emulsion could be easily prepared by EPC. Moreover, the obtained loading of etoposide in the submicron emulsion was 3.0 mg/mL, which was three times higher than that of the previous liquid emulsions. The optimum cryoprotectant was trehalose (15%) in freeze-drying test. The median diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the optimum formulation of LEPE were 226.1 ± 5.1 nm, 0.107 ± 0.011, and ?36.20 ± 1.13 mV, respectively. In addition, these parameters had no significant change during 6 months storage at 4 ± 2°C. The main pharmacokinetic parameters exhibited no significant differences between LEPE and etoposide commercial solution except for area under the concentration–time curve and clearance. Conclusions: The stable etoposide emulsion with a high drug loading was successfully prepared, indicating the amount of excipients such as the oil phase and emulsifiers significantly decreased following administration of the same dose of drug, effectively reducing the metabolism by patients while increasing their compliance. Therefore, LEPE has a great potential for clinical applications.     

Effects of different drying methods on the physical characteristics and flavor of dried hawthorns (Crataegus spp.)

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to compare the physical characteristics and flavor of dried hawthorns obtained by freeze-drying (FD), microwave freeze-drying (MFD), atmospheric freeze-drying (AFD), and heat pump drying (HPD). The parameters including moisture content, product temperature, rehydration ratio, chroma, hue angle, yellowness index, total color difference, and energy consumption were investigated. The use of fuzzy reasoning for the sensory evaluation of hawthorn quality was also performed. As expected, AFD, FD, and MFD produced better accepted dried hawthorn products than did HPD. Nevertheless, FD consumed the highest energy and had a long drying time, but its product was the best; AFD had a similar energy cost as HPD, but its drying time was the longest; and MFD had a higher energy cost and longer drying time than HPD, but its product quality was similar to that of FD products. As a result, MFD and AFD had potential to replace FD to yield dried hawthorns with high product quality and relatively low cost.     

Effects of the drying method on the oxidative stability of the free and encapsulated fractions of microencapsulated sunflower oil

The influence of the drying method, freeze-drying and spray-drying, on the oxidative stability of microencapsulated sunflower oil depended on the type of encapsulation matrix. For a dairy-type matrix, formed by sodium caseinate and lactose, greater losses of tocopherols were detected during spray-drying, but both the free and encapsulated oil fractions were more stable against lipid oxidation than their freeze-dried counterparts. Results suggested that the free oil was also constituted by droplets that preserved their interfacial membrane and were protected by the matrix. Therefore, the free oil was not necessarily the non-encapsulated fraction. For a matrix constituted by gelatine, maltodextrin and sucrose, the emulsion showed low stability and a great destabilisation during spray-drying. No significant effect of the drying method on the oxidative stability of the encapsulated fraction was found with this matrix, but the free oil of the spray-dried sample oxidised faster, probably due to the emulsion destabilisation observed, which gave rise to a great amount of oil on the particle surface as a consequence of large droplets poorly stabilised.     

Influence of pressurised cryogenic nitrogen technology on Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) preservation during storage

In this study, preservation of spirulina using the new pressurised cryogenic nitrogen technology (PCN) was compared to classical methods used in laboratories and industry. Spirulina morphology was better preserved by PCN compared to unpressurised cryogeny and classical freezing at −20 °C that led to cells fragmentation. A 25% loss of Phycocyanin-C content against 60% were measured after 98 days storage for 6-Bar PCN process and frozen samples, respectively. The Total AntiOxidant Power (PAOT Liquid Technology^®) was used for determination of total antioxidant and oxidant power of spirulina extracts. PAOT value of PCN samples was 50% higher than the frozen sample. From ABTS measurements on PCN spirulina fractions sonicated or not, it was suggested that pressurisation at 6 bars allowed a better preservation of free antioxidants (outside the cells) due to replacement of oxygen by nitrogen in the frozen beads. After dehydration, phycocyanin-C content variation during storage at 20 °C and 33% RH showed higher loss for freeze-dried spirulina treated at 0 compared to 6 Bars.