Acute care nurses’ attitudes toward nursing students with disabilities: A focused ethnography

Discrimination towards individuals with disabilities is problematic within nursing. There have been calls to increase diversity in nursing and this includes embracing nurses with disabilities. Increasing diversity in nursing requires increasing diversity among nursing students; in this way, nurse educators are gatekeepers to the profession. Clinical education is a crucial element of nursing education, yet there have been very few studies related to the clinical education of nursing students with disabilities. There have been no studies of attitudes of acute care nurse preceptors toward students with disabilities in the United States. This gap is important as the majority of clinical experiences occur in the acute care environment. Utilizing a focused ethnography, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 acute care nurses with at least two years’ experience precepting students. While positive feelings about nursing students with disabilities were shared, thoughts and behavioral intentions remained negative. Six themes emerged: safety, barriers, otherness, communicating to meet needs, disclosure, and student versus colleague. Attitudinal barriers are the primary barriers faced by individuals with disabilities in becoming and practicing as nurses. Nurses in practice and education must embrace more inclusive attitudes towards individuals with disabilities.     

Psychomotor therapy targeting anger and aggressive behaviour in individuals with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities: A systematic review

Background: Poor anger regulation is considered a risk factor of aggression in individuals with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities. Psychomotor therapy (PMT) targets anger regulation through body- and movement-oriented interventions. This study aims to inform practitioners on efficacy and research-base of PMT in this population.

Method: This systematic review evaluated nine studies which met inclusion criteria in terms of participants, intervention procedures, outcomes and certainty of evidence.

Results: Seven studies revealed a substantial reduction of aggressive behaviour or anger. Certainty of evidence was rated inconclusive in most cases due to absence of experimental control.

Conclusions: We can conclude that body-oriented PMT, involving progressive relaxation and meditation procedure “Soles of the Feet”, is a promising approach. However, the paucity of studies and methodological limitations preclude classifying it as an evidence-based practice. This suggests stronger methodological research and research aimed at PMT’s mechanisms of action (e.g., improved interoceptive awareness) is warranted.     

Coupling online control and inhibitory systems in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Goal-directed reaching

For children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), the real-time coupling between frontal executive function and online motor control has not been explored despite reported deficits in each domain. The aim of the present study was to investigate how children with DCD enlist online control under task constraints that compel the need for inhibitory control. A total of 129 school children were sampled from mainstream primary schools. Forty-two children who met research criteria for DCD were compared with 87 typically developing controls on a modified double-jump reaching task. Children within each skill group were divided into three age bands: younger (6–7 years), mid-aged (8–9), and older (10–12). Online control was compared between groups as a function of trial type (non-jump, jump, anti-jump). Overall, results showed that while movement times were similar between skill groups under simple task constraints (non-jump), on perturbation (or jump) trials the DCD group were significantly slower than controls and corrected trajectories later. Critically, the DCD group was further disadvantaged by anti-jump trials where inhibitory control was required; however, this effect reduced with age. While coupling online control and executive systems is not well developed in younger and mid-aged children, there is evidence of age-appropriate coupling in older children. Longitudinal data are needed to clarify this intriguing finding. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.     

坐骨重叠征与发育性髋关节脱位手术后再脱位的相关性分析

目的提出坐骨重叠征(ischium overlap sign,IOS)的概念,并分析其与发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)手术后再脱位的关系。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2017年5月山东大学附属省立医院治疗的88例(105髋)DDH患儿病例资料,其中男童16例、女童72例;平均年龄12(5~24)个月,平均随访时间34(15~59)个月;双侧17例,左侧63髋,右侧42髋;1髋为髋臼发育不良,11髋半脱位,93髋全脱位。术中行髋关节造影检查,按照Bowen标准选择闭合或切开复位石膏固定术。IOS是指在人类位髋关节造影平片上股骨头软骨内缘与坐骨外缘的重叠关系,二者重叠为Ⅰ度,相接为Ⅱ度,分离为Ⅲ度。将93髋全脱位按照IOS分度进行分组,比较组间再脱位发生率。结果 1髋髋臼发育不良和11髋半脱位者IOS均为Ⅰ度。93髋全脱位中IOSⅠ度14髋,Ⅱ度39髋,此两组均行闭合复位石膏固定,无再脱位病例;Ⅲ度40髋中,闭合复位石膏固定17髋,6髋再脱位;切开复位石膏固定23髋,1髋再脱位。本研究发现Ⅲ度组的再脱位发生率(7/40,17.5%)高于其他两组(P=0.006)。IOS为Ⅲ度的40髋中,闭合复位的再脱位发生率(6/17,35.3%)高于切开复位(1/23,4.4%),差异有统计学意义(X^2=4.518,P=0.034)。结论 IOS与DDH术后再脱位有一定的关系,IOS为Ⅲ度的髋关节如行闭合复位,再脱位的风险较高。     

Association of regional socioeconomic deprivation and rurality with global developmental delay in early childhood: Data from mandatory school entry examinations in Germany

BackgroundFrom birth to young adulthood, health and development of young people are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family’s socioeconomic position (SEP) and living environment. The impact of regional characteristics on development in early childhood beyond family SEP has been rarely investigated. This study aimed to identify regional predictors of global developmental delay at school entry taking family SEP into consideration.MethodWe used representative, population-based data from mandatory school entry examinations of the German federal state of Brandenburg in 2018/2019 with n=22,801 preschool children. By applying binary multilevel models, we hierarchically analyzed the effect of regional deprivation defined by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) and rurality operationalized as inverted population density of the children’s school district on global developmental delay (GDD) while adjusting for family SEP (low, medium and high).ResultsFamily SEP was significantly and strongly linked to GDD. Children with the highest family SEP showed a lower odds for GDD compared to a medium SEP (female: OR=4.26, male: OR=3.46) and low SEP (female: OR=16.58, male: OR=12.79). Furthermore, we discovered a smaller, but additional and independent effect of regional socioeconomic deprivation on GDD, with a higher odds for children from a more deprived school district (female: OR=1.35, male: OR=1.20). However, rurality did not show a significant link to GDD in preschool children beyond family SEP and regional deprivation.ConclusionFamily SEP and regional deprivation are risk factors for child development and of particular interest to promote health of children in early childhood and over the life course.     

Developmental validation of the ANDE™ rapid DNA system with FlexPlex™ assay for arrestee and reference buccal swab processing and database searching

A developmental validation was performed to demonstrate reliability, reproducibility and robustness of the ANDE System with the FlexPlex assay, including an integrated Expert System, across a number of laboratories and buccal sample variations. Previously, the related DNAscan™/ANDE 4C Rapid DNA System using the PowerPlex^®16 assay and integrated Expert System Software received NDIS approval in March 2016. The enhanced ANDE instrument, referred to as ANDE 6C, and the accompanying 6-dye, 27-locus STR assay, referred to as FlexPlex, have been developed to be compatible with all widely used global loci, including the expanded set of the CODIS core 20 loci.Six forensic and research laboratories participated in the FlexPlex Rapid DNA developmental validation experiments, testing a total of 2045 swabs, including those obtained from 1387 unique individuals. The goal of this extensive and comprehensive validation was to thoroughly evaluate and document the ANDE System and its internal Expert System to reliably genotype reference buccal swab samples in a manner compliant with the FBI’s Quality Assurance Standards and the NDIS Operational Procedures.The ANDE System, including automated Expert System analysis, generated reproducible and concordant results for buccal swabs when testing various instruments at different laboratories by a number of different operators. When testing a number of non-human DNAs, including oral bacteria, the ANDE System and FlexPlex assay demonstrated limited cross-reactivity. Potential PCR inhibitors were evaluated as part of the validation and no inhibition was detected. Reproducible and concordant profiles were generated from buccal swab samples collected with a limit of detection appropriate for buccal swab collections from arrestees. The precision and resolution of the System met industry standards for detection of microvariants and single base resolution.The integrated Expert System appropriately demonstrated the ability to correctly pass or fail profiles for CODIS upload without human review. During this comprehensive developmental validation, the ANDE System successfully interpreted over 2000 samples tested with over 99.99% concordant alleles. The data package described herein led to the ANDE System with the FlexPlex assay receiving NDIS approval in June 2018.     

Review of the environmental prenatal exposome and its relationship to maternal and fetal health

Environmental chemicals comprise a major portion of the human exposome, with some shown to impact the health of susceptible populations, including pregnant women and developing fetuses. The placenta and cord blood serve as important biological windows into the maternal and fetal environments. In this article we review how environmental chemicals (defined here to include man-made chemicals [e.g., flame retardants, pesticides/herbicides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances], toxins, metals, and other xenobiotic compounds) contribute to the prenatal exposome and highlight future directions to advance this research field. Our findings from a survey of recent literature indicate the need to better understand the breadth of environmental chemicals that reach the placenta and cord blood, as well as the linkages between prenatal exposures, mechanisms of toxicity, and subsequent health outcomes. Research efforts tailored towards addressing these needs will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how environmental chemicals impact maternal and fetal health.     

Impact des troubles orthopédiques sur la ventilation du sujet IMC/polyhandicapé

Cerebral Palsy motor disorder triggers orthopedic complications. These complications do develop by themselves and gradually degrade the motor function. The functioning of the ventilatory pump is no exception to this process. Other orthopedic impairments are impacting more indirectly ventilation. Some orthopedic treatments used for PC people are likely to worsen this clinical situation, temporarily or more permanently. Any therapeutic intervention must include two essential points: acting previously to realign posture and considering interactions of treatments on different functions.     

嘉兴市新居民儿童心理发育行为问题及影响因素分析

目的调查嘉兴市新居民儿童心理发育行为问题及影响因素，为改善新居民儿童心理健康提供理论依据。方法随机抽取新居民儿童548例，本地儿童1248例，采用自编量表评估儿童家庭影响因素，长处与困难问卷评估儿童心理发育行为问题，心理痛苦温度计评估主观心理痛苦程度，儿童心理虐待与忽视量表评估家庭教养方式，社会支持量表评估社会支持程度。结果新居民儿童主观评定心理痛苦程度高于本地儿童（P=0.002）。新居民儿童亲社会化行为低于本地儿童（P=0.000），多动/注意缺陷问题高于本地儿童（P=0.011）。儿童忽视虐待量表本地儿童5个因子得分低于新居民儿童：责骂因子（P=0.000）、恐吓因子（P=0.000）、情感忽视因子（P=0.000）、教育忽视因子（P=0.000）、身体忽视因子（P=0.000）。社会支持量表本地儿童3个因子得分均高于新居民儿童：客观支持（P=0.032）、主观支持（P=0.000）、对支持的利用度（P=0.000）。新居民儿童在新居民儿童学校、混合学校、本地儿童学校的3类学校中亲社会化行为、忽视因子、虐待因子、社会支持均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）。结论新居民儿童较本地儿童心理发育行为明显落后，良好的家庭教养方式和有效的社会支持系统能够更快更好地促进其身心发育。