老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效对比

目的：探讨老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效差异，评价两种方法的优缺点。方法回顾性分析2009-12—2011-12收治的老年桡骨远端C型骨折68例，按照治疗方法分为A组(手术组)及B组(非手术组)，统计分析两组患者的临床资料。结果 A组33例， B组35例，平均随访21.5个月。两组患者的年龄、骨折类型均无差异(P＞0.05)；术后影像学指标A组优于B组，骨折愈合时间B组优于A组，治疗成本A组大于B组(P＜0.05)；Cooney评分早期A组优于B组，1年后两组无差异，两组的并发症无差异(P＞0.05)。结论老年人桡骨远端C型骨折手术治疗较非手术治疗可获得更好的复位及早期功能，但远期功能恢复无差异。     

Factors influencing choice of medical vs. surgical treatment of pediatric appendicitis

PurposeTo examine what proportion of caregivers, if given a choice, would choose medical versus surgical treatment of appendicitis and what factors would be important in their decision.MethodsA survey was devised and given to the caregivers of children presenting to the pediatrician for a routine visit in community and academic pediatric clinics. The survey presented a summary of outcomes after medical (non-operative) and surgical treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis. Participants were then asked to choose medical versus surgical treatment if their child were to develop appendicitis. They were also asked to rate the importance of certain factors in their decision ? 1 being “not important” and 5 being “very important”.ResultsFour hundred surveys were distributed with an 86.2% (345/400) response rate. Six percent (21/342) of respondents reported a history of appendicitis and 49.4% (168/340) reported having known someone who had appendicitis. The majority of respondents, 85.3% (284/333), were mothers. A minority of respondents, 41.7% (95% CI: 36.7, 47.0), chose medical treatment over surgery for appendicitis. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of mothers (41.6%) versus fathers who chose medical treatment (41.3%). Caregivers who chose medical treatment were more likely to rate time in hospital (p = .008) and time out of school (p = 05) as important in decision making when compared with those who chose surgery. Those who chose surgical treatment were more likely to rate risk of recurrent appendicitis (p < .001) as important to decision making. In the multivariate analysis, those who rated time in hospital as very important had more than twice the odds of choosing medical therapy (OR 2.20, p = 0.02) when compared with those who rated it as less important. Not knowing someone who has had appendicitis was significantly associated with choosing medical therapy when compared with those who do know someone who has had appendicitis, OR 2.3, p = .002. Rating pain as very important was also significantly associated with choosing medical therapy, when compared to those rating pain 1–3, OR 3.38, p = .03.ConclusionsIn this survey of caregivers of children presenting for routine care, 41.7% would choose medical, or non-operative, therapy for their children with acute appendicitis. The risk of recurrence, time in hospital, and time out of school, pain, and knowing someone who has had appendicitis were all important factors that families may consider when making a decision. These data may be useful for surgeons counseling patients on which treatment to pursue.     

A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of non-operative management in patients with high grade liver injury

IntroductionThe liver is the most frequently damaged organ in blunt abdominal trauma. It is widely accepted that hemodynamically stable patients with low-grade liver trauma should be treated with non-operative management, however there is controversy surrounding its safety and efficacy in high-grade trauma. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of non-operative management in patients with high-grade liver trauma.MethodsPubMed and reference lists of PubMed articles were searched to find studies that examined the efficacy of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury patients, and compare it to operative management. Non-operative management was considered successful if rescue surgery was avoided. Outcomes considered were success, mortality, and complication rates.ResultsThe electronic search revealed 2662 records, 8 of which met the inclusion criteria. All 8 studies contained results suggesting that non-operative management was safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver trauma. By combining the outcomes of the different studies, non-operative management had a high success rate of 92.4% (194/210) in high-grade liver trauma patients, which was near the overall 95.0% non-operative management success rate. Non-operative management also had mortality and complication rates of 4.6% (9/194) and 9.7% (7/72) in high-grade injury patients, respectively, compared to operative management's 17.6% (26/148) and 45.5% (5/11).ConclusionNon-operative management of liver trauma is safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver injury. It is associated with significantly lower mortality compared with operative management. More studies are required to evaluate complications of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury.     

Results of non-operative treatment following hip fracture compared to surgical intervention

We followed all consecutive hip fracture patients admitted between 2004 and 2006, identified cases in which the intention was to treat non-operative and compared their functional outcome and mortality with a similar cohort treated surgically over the same period. We recorded length of hospital stay, place of discharge, pre and post-fracture mobility and residence, 30 days and 1 year mortality, re-admission due to same fracture and delayed surgery. The group treated surgically was recruited and matched for age, gender, pre and post-fracture mobility, mental confusion and independence. 25 patients were treated non-operative. 22 patients treated surgically over the same time period matched the patient characteristics of the non-operative arm. The mean hospital stay was 13 days in both groups. There were 4 extra-capsular fractures (3 displaced) and 21 intra-capsular fractures (5 displaced) in the non-operative arm and 11 extra-capsular fractures and 9 intra-capsular fractures in the surgically treated arm. 4 patients from the non-operative treatment group underwent late surgery because of persisting hip pain 20 days-2 months after the index event (2 cannulated screws, 1 hemiarthroplasty, 1 total hip arthroplasty). 11 patients in the surgical treatment arm underwent dynamic screw fixation, 1 had cannulated screw, 1 had total hip replacement and 7 had hemiarthroplasty. 14 of the non-operative treated patients were mobile independently or with aid before fracture but only 9 patients retained their pre-fracture mobility following treatment, compared to 16 patients pre-fracture and 11 patients post-fracture after surgery. 16 patients treated non-operative were living independently prior to injury but only 7 went back to their own residence. Of the operatively treated patients 14 patients were living independently and 10 patients went back to their previous residence. 1 month and 1 year mortality in the non-operative treated group was 4/21 and 7/21 respectively compared to 1/20 and 5/20 in the operative fixation group. There was no statistically significant difference in mobility, residence or mortality between the two groups (Fisher exact test, p > 0.05). Non-operative management after hip fracture is suitable for medically unfit patients and does not result in statistically significant difference in functional outcome or mortality compared to patients treated surgically.     

肝脏损伤63例临床观察

目的研究肝脏损伤手术和非手术治疗的治疗效果。方法对我院1995年8月~2004年12月63例肝脏损伤病人进行回顾性分析。结果20例(31.7%)非手术治疗患者经保守治疗均获成功;43例(68.3%)行手术治疗,其中7例死亡(手术死亡率16.3%),其余均痊愈。结论肝损伤除采用手术治疗外,非手术治疗也可达到满意治疗效果。     

重症急性胰腺炎33例临床分析

目的　加强对重症急性胰腺炎的认识 ,探讨重症急性胰腺炎的有效治疗方法。方法　对我院 1997～ 2 0 0 3年收治的 3 3例重症急性胰腺炎作回顾性分析。结果　 3 3例病人中 ,治愈 2 8例 ,死亡 5例。行手术治疗 12例 ,死亡 2例 ;行非手术治疗 2 1例 ,死亡 3例。休克和MOF是主要死亡原因。结论　重症急性胰腺炎治疗宜采用手术治疗与非手术治疗并存在的双轨制体系 ,早期以非手治疗为主 ,应严格掌握手术指征。     

重症急性胰腺炎早期非手术治疗的探讨

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的治疗效果。方法：采取回顾性总结方法对1992年1月～1997年5月收治的86例SAP病例资料，分析发病2周内非手术治疗和手术治疗的并发症发生率以及治愈率。结果：发现经早期非手术治疗使SAP特别是SAPⅡ型的病人并发症发生率大大降低，并提高了疾病的治愈率。结论：在ICU的严密监护下，对SAP患者采用全身支持治疗，使用抗胰酶制剂，胰腺休息治疗，以及预防性应用抗生素等早期非手术治疗取得明显的效果，值得提倡和推广。     

外伤性脾破裂24例非手术治疗体会

目的总结外伤性脾破裂非手术治疗经验.方法回顾性分析自1995年1月～1999年12月收治的非手术治疗的24例外伤性脾破裂的致伤原因、伤情等级、诊断方法、治疗措施以及非手术治疗失败的原因.结果本组22例非手术治疗成功,并得到6个月以上的随访或B超复查证实无并发症.2例治疗失败中转手术治疗.本组无死亡.结论脾脏具有重要的生理功能,严格掌握适应证,密切监测病情变化,合理正确运用治疗措施,外伤性脾破裂的非手术治疗是安全有效的.     

非手术治疗消化性溃疡急性穿孔的体会

目的：探讨非手术治疗消化性溃疡急性穿孔的适应证和治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析非手术方法治疗23例消化性溃疡急性穿孔病人的临床资料。结果：非手术治疗效果良好，并发腹腔脓肿1例，平均住院日9.6天，出院后经内科药物正规治疗1个疗程和胃镜检查，均为溃疡愈合期。21例获得随访0.5～1年效果满意。结论：年轻病人消化性溃疡空腹早期急性穿孔，可试行非手术治疗．症状不缓解，全身炎症反应加重的病人应及时手术治疗。     

Spinal epidural abscesses – The role for non-operative management: A systematic review

BackgroundSpinal Epidural Abscesses (SEAs) are traditionally seen as a surgical emergency. However, SEAs can be discovered in entirely asymptomatic patients. This presents a dilemma for the attending clinician as to whether to subject these patients to significant surgery. This systematic review updates the evidence surrounding the efficacy of non-operative SEA management by means of intravenous antibiotics ± radiologically-guided aspiration.Aims1. To assess failure rates of medical therapy for SEA. The absolute definition of ‘failure’ used by the study was recorded, and comparisons made. 2. To review of risk factors for success/failure of medical treatment for SEA.MethodsA database search with the MESH term ‘epidural abscess’ and keywords [‘treatment’ OR ‘management’] were used.Results14 studies were included. The number of SEA patients managed non-operatively ranged from 19 to 142. There was significant heterogeneity across the studies. Pooled Failure of Medical Therapy (FMT) (defined as any poor outcome) was 29.40%. When FMT = mortality the pooled rate was 11.49%. Commonly cited risk factors for FMT included acute neurological compromise, diabetes mellitus, increasing age and Staphylococcus aureus.ConclusionSEA will always be a condition mostly managed surgically. Despite this, there is growing evidence that non-operative management can be possible in the correct patients. The key is in patient selection – patients with any of the above-mentioned risk factors have the potential to deteriorate further on medical treatment and have a worse outcome than if they had undergone emergency surgery straight away. Ongoing research will hopefully further investigate this crucial step.