二斑栗实象生活史观察及粉拟青霉菌防治试验

二斑栗实象在云南玉溪市红塔区、峨山县1a发生1代，以幼虫在土壤中越冬，10月中旬至11月下旬是防治地下幼虫的最佳时期。6月中旬成虫羽化高峰期是防治成虫的最佳时间。用粉拟青霉菌防治地下幼虫药效达86．9％，树冠成虫防治药效为64．3％。地下幼虫和树冠成虫防治的最佳剂量均为22．5kg／hm^2。喷施粉拟青霉菌最好选择雨后晴天无风的早晨和傍晚，防治地下幼虫喷药后应立即进行翻挖。     

双斑东方鲀三倍体育苗生产性研究

采用温度休克方法诱导双斑东方鲀三倍体,在水温18-20℃条件下,卵受精后5分钟用40℃的水处理双斑东方鲀受精卵10分钟,三倍体诱导率100％,孵化率相对诱导量达25％;育苗采用前期室内工厂化培育与后期土池培育相结合方法,培育出全为三倍体(体长3 cm以上)苗种5．8万尾,对应孵出苗量,成活率为34．6％。     

ACE Inhibitory Peptide from Skin Collagen Hydrolysate of Takifugu bimaculatus as Potential for Protecting HUVECs Injury

Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a crucial enzyme or receptor that catalyzes the generation of potent vasopressor angiotensin II (Ang II). ACE inhibitory peptides from fish showed effective ACE inhibitory activity. In this study, we reported an ACE inhibitory peptide from Takifugu bimaculatus (T. bimaculatus), which was obtained by molecular docking with acid-soluble collagen (ASC) hydrolysate of T. bimaculatus. The antihypertensive effects and potential mechanism were conducted using Ang-II-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model. The results showed that FNLRMQ alleviated the viability and facilitated apoptosis of Ang-II-induced HUVECs. Further research suggested that FNLRMQ may protect Ang-II-induced endothelial injury by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways. This study, herein, reveals that collagen peptide FNLRMQ could be used as a potential candidate compound for antihypertensive treatment, and could provide scientific evidence for the high-value utilization of marine resources including T. bimaculatus.     

利用粉拟青霉菌防治板栗剪枝象和板栗二斑栗实象研究

通过粉拟青霉菌对板栗剪枝象、板栗二斑栗实象的感病致死力 ,致病机制 ,致病力与土壤含水率关系的研究 ,以及用粉拟青霉菌防治板栗剪枝象和二斑栗实象的大田试验。结果表明 ,粉拟青霉菌是一种高效微生物杀虫剂。其田间防治板栗剪枝象、板栗二斑栗实象的平均感病死亡率分别为 77 3%和 77 8% ,说明该致病菌适合在生产上应用。     

硫酸铜对双斑东方鲀刺激隐核虫病的治疗效果研究

刺激隐核虫病是双斑东方鲀养殖生产中的主要致死性寄生虫病,为安全、有效地防治刺激隐核虫病,开展了硫酸铜对双斑东方鲀幼鱼的急性毒性试验及硫酸铜对双斑东方鲀刺激隐核虫病的治疗效果试验。急性毒性试验结果显示,硫酸铜对双斑东方鲀幼鱼24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为7.94、7.12、5.32、4.44 mg/L,其安全质量浓度为1.72 mg/L。刺激隐核虫病治疗试验结果表明,1.0、1.5 mg/L的硫酸铜质量浓度对病鱼治疗有效,药浴后刺激隐核虫虫体活力下降,第3 d部分虫体解体或脱落,药浴5 d治愈;0.5 mg/L硫酸铜对病鱼治疗效果不佳,病情继续发展,第8 d病鱼死亡。临床上建议使用硫酸铜质量浓度1.0 mg/L治疗双斑东方鲀刺激隐核虫病。本研究对其他鱼类刺激隐核虫病及其纤毛虫病治疗也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

福建省3种养殖鱼食用健康风险评估

为评估福建省3种养殖鱼类富集环境、饲料中污染物而产生的食用健康风险,对沿海养殖石斑鱼(Epinephelinae)、双斑东方鲀(Takifugu bimaculatus)及大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)体内主要持久性污染物:无机砷、甲基汞、铅、镉、铜、多环芳烃、多氯联苯、六六六和滴滴涕进行检测。计算各污染物的暴露边界值(MOE)和总致癌风险指数(RTC),评估3种养殖鱼的食用健康风险状况。并通过相关性分析,探讨污染源与鱼体富集污染物之间的相关性。结果表明,各污染物的平均暴露边界值在2.53×10^-6~0.136之间,小于1的限量值;平均总致癌风险指数在2.17×10^-5~2.83×10^-5之间,未超过可接受风险水平10^-4,证明福建养殖的石斑鱼、双斑东方鲀及大黄鱼食用健康风险在可接受范围内。通过比较鱼体内各种污染物的健康风险值及分析主要风险因子的分布与变化特征可知,福建沿海3种养殖鱼类主要食用健康风险因子为甲基汞、多氯联苯和多环芳烃。除饲料中汞含量与鱼体内汞浓度表现出一定相关性外,各主要风险因子在污染源中的含量与鱼体内的浓度均无显著相关性。因此食用健康风险评估有助于引导民众树立正确消费理念、指导水产养殖安全生产。     

板栗贮藏前的虫害处理试验

为探索板栗贮藏前的防虫处理,在2000年6月、9月对栗实象甲发生比较严重的禄劝县翠华乡板栗园进行根施5%神农丹颗粒剂、对栗果进行三氯甲烷熏蒸剂熏蒸、溴甲烷熏蒸剂熏蒸等3个处理、3个重复,其栗果病虫发生率显著低于对照。     

Dietary supplementation of L-tryptophan: Effect on growth and survival of Pabda,Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) fry

ABSTRACT

A 30-day experiment was conducted to assess the effect of tryptophan-supplemented diets on growth and survival of Pabda, Ompok bimaculatus fry. Fifty pabda fry (0.114 ± 0.02 g; 2.45 ± 0.13 cm) were stocked into each aerated aquarium following a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments with triplicate each. Four iso-proteinious purified diets were prepared with different levels of tryptophan—0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%—of the dry diet and were designated as Control, TRP1, TRP2, and TRP3 respectively. Fishes were fed with the experimental diet ad libitum four times a day. The results showed that fish fed with tryptophan-supplemented diets exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower cannibalism and higher survival than the control diet. Further, the tryptophan-supplemented groups showed a significantly lower coefficient of variation (%) and size heterogeneity (P < 0.05). However, the growth as measured by body weight gain, length increment, and specific growth rate of fry in tryptophan-supplemented groups was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, maximum survival (52.67 ± 1.76%) and minimum cannibalism (21.33 ± 5.70%) coupled with higher growth and performance index (0.38 ± 0.01) were recorded in the 2% tryptophan-supplemented group compared to other tryptophan-fed groups. Overall interpretation from the present study concludes that the dietary supplementation of 2% tryptophan is recommended for better survival of pabda fish, although growth was compromised.     

双斑东方鲀精子冷冻保存方法探究

双斑东方鲀(Takifugu bimaculatus)在福建已形成较大规模的养殖产业,但其精卵成熟同步率低、自然交配受精率低等繁殖特点已成为养殖规模化发展的最大制约因素。而精子超低温冷冻保存技术作为直接保存细胞遗传物质的一种有效方法,为双斑东方鲀规模化人工繁育问题的解决提供了方案。研究以复苏后的精子活力为选择指标,开展双斑东方鲀精子冷冻保存方法的研究,对抗冻剂、基础液、精子稀释浓度和降温程序等几个关键影响因素进行了筛选,获得了双斑东方鲀精子的最适冷冻方法:以含5%二甲亚砜(DMSO)的MPRS溶液与精子按1∶1比例稀释,样品在4℃冰箱中平衡30 min,液氮上方10 cm处熏蒸5 min,再下降到5 cm处熏蒸5 min,之后投入液氮。按此方法保存的双斑东方鲀精子在解冻激活后,其活力可达(83±3)%,与相应卵子受精,可得到平均70%的孵化率,可以满足双斑东方鲀规模化人工繁育的需求。研究结果也可为其他东方鲀鱼类的相关研究提供参考。     

Captive Breeding of Endangered Ompok pabda with Ovatide

The Pabdah catfish, Ompok pabda, was successfully spawned with the synthetic hormone Ovatide at two different doses (0.4 and 0.6 ml/kg of body weight of female). The latency period was 9–10 h at 0.6 ml compared to 10–12 h at 0.4 ml kg^?1 of body weight. All the females spawned successfully. Average rate of fertilization (75.5 %) and hatching (60.5%) was higher with a dose of 0.6 ml kg^?1, while lower fertilization (65.1%) and hatching rate (45%) were observed at 0.3 ml kg^?1 of body weight. Fecundity ranged from 80–130 eggs gm^?1 body weight of female. Eggs hatched between 12–14 h after spawning at a water temperature 28°–32°C. The mean egg diameter was 0.95 ± 0.15 mm.