Disease Ionomics: Understanding the Role of Ions in Complex Disease

Ionomics is a novel multidisciplinary field that uses advanced techniques to investigate the composition and distribution of all minerals and trace elements in a living organism and their variations under diverse physiological and pathological conditions. It involves both high-throughput elemental profiling technologies and bioinformatic methods, providing opportunities to study the molecular mechanism underlying the metabolism, homeostasis, and cross-talk of these elements. While much effort has been made in exploring the ionomic traits relating to plant physiology and nutrition, the use of ionomics in the research of serious diseases is still in progress. In recent years, a number of ionomic studies have been carried out for a variety of complex diseases, which offer theoretical and practical insights into the etiology, early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of them. This review aims to give an overview of recent applications of ionomics in the study of complex diseases and discuss the latest advances and future trends in this area. Overall, disease ionomics may provide substantial information for systematic understanding of the properties of the elements and the dynamic network of elements involved in the onset and development of diseases.     

水提法提取—电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的碘

用水提取婴幼儿奶粉中的碘,亚铁氰化钾和乙酸锌盐析法沉淀蛋白,过滤后可以得到澄清处理液。用电感耦合等离子体质谱对提取样液进行测定,130Te作为内标物进行定量分析。该方法简便快捷,检出限为0.10 mg/kg加标回收率为90.8%~109%,相关系数0.999,精密度试验RSD2%。     

AHMED experiments on hygroscopic and inert aerosol behaviour in LWR containment conditions: experimental results

Hygroscopic NaOH, CsI, CsOH and inert Ag aerosol behaviour at different temperatures and relative humidities (RH) has been studied in a well instrumented and controlled vessel of 1.81 m³ total free volume. Homogeneous thermal-hydraulic conditions for aerosol measurement in the vessel were achieved. The aerosol number and mass concentration were measured continuously during the experiments using a Condensation Nucleus Counter and a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance. The particle size distribution and chemical composition in the test conditions were measured by Berner low pressure impactors. In the case of NaOH the half life of the aerosol mass concentration was more than four times longer at low RH (22%) as compared to high RH (96%). The half lives of the CsOH and CsI aerosols were only twice as long at low RH as compared to high RH. Thus at high RH (96–97%) the half lives of CsOH and CsI were twice as long as the half life for the NaOH aerosol. The faster decay of the NaOH aerosol is due to the smaller density decrease of NaOH during water condensation. CsOH particles grew rapidly to their equilibrium size at all humidities. The measured equilibrium size for CsOH aerosol agree well with the calculated particle size at different RHs. Experimental results were also compared with calculations obtained by severe accident computer codes. These calculated results will be presented in a later paper.     

HG-ICP-MS同时测定复杂样品中的痕量AS,Se,Hg

HG-ICP-MS方法中利用HNO3作为样品溶液的酸介质,用实验室自制的二级气液分离器代替易消耗的膜分离器,在优化的实验条件下实现了As,Se,Hg的同时测定,分别获得了0.022,0.016,0.009ng/ml的检测限;并且避免了Cl对测定的质谱干扰.试验研究了样品酸度,NaBH4浓度,载气流速和引入方式等因素对测定灵敏度和稳定性的影响,以及二级气液分离器中的气液分离行为.回收率试验的结果表明,HG-ICP-MS同时测定As,Se,Hg的主要干扰来自于成氢化物元素之间,以及Fe,Cu等过渡金属离子.样品溶液中Vc-硫脲的加入可以很好地掩蔽这些离子的干扰,利用HG-ICP-MS方法测定人发,灌木叶和大米粉标样中痕量的As,Se,Hg,结果与标准参考值相符.     

我国冶金分析定量检测仪器的发展趋势

为了了解我国分析仪器的发展,推动冶金分析领域定量检测技术的进步,文章以北京分析测试学术报告会暨展览会(BCEIA)在国内的展示成果为依托,选择电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)等基础定量检测仪器为主要分析对象,归纳总结了这些仪器的发展过程、基本原理和主要结构。从分析检测人员的视角,讨论了该检测仪器的优势特点及应用效果;展望了定量分析检测技术的发展趋势;提出了以定量检测仪器为基础的新型高端科学仪器的发展前景。又以激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、辉光放电质谱(GD-MS)、电子探针X射线显微分析仪(EPMA)等拓展联用检测仪器为例,介绍了设备的主要特点及应用,最终总结出LA-ICP-MS为固体样品中微量元素分析的常用技术,GD-MS技术是痕量元素分析的重要手段,EPMA技术因具有与其他仪器结合包容性高的优点,虽然在使用过程中存在一定的缺陷,但已成为通用的分析手段。而我国定量分析检测技术正朝着现场化、专用化及标准化的方向发展。     

ICP-MS法测定陶瓷容器中重金属元素的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体—质谱(ICP—MS)法同时测定了陶瓷容器中重金属元素PB、CA、Cr、Ni，对影响其测量的各种因素进行了较为详细的研究，确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明，方法的检出限为0．002—0．008μg/L，回收率为90．0％-110．0％，RSD小于9．21％。该法准确、快速、简便，应用于陶瓷容器中重金属元素的测定，结果满意。     

大米中矿物质元素的ICP-AES和ICP-MS分析

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了有机大米和常规大米中Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、P、S、Si、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Se、Cr等16种矿质元素的含量并对数据进行了方差分析.结果表明,两者矿质元素含量存在同异性,Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、P、S、Si、Zn、Se、Cd含量比较接近,重金属元素As、Hg、Pb、Cr在有机大米和常规大米中存在显著差异.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钽粉中的磷

介绍了采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）对钽粉中微量杂质磷进行测定的方法。通过使用耐氢氟酸的惰性进样系统、屏蔽炬（shned torch）和冷等离子体技术，以及对测试条件的探讨，成功地运用标准加入法测量了金属钽粉中微量磷的含量。     

AAS、ICP-MS与NAA的特点及其应用比较

比较元素分析领域中原子吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱和堆中子活化分析等3种主要方法的利弊，评述其在元素种态分析中的应用，旨在推进科学利用微型核反应堆这一实验平台．     

Rare earth elements in CO_2-fluid inclusions in mantle Iherzolite

Trace elements including REE (Rare Earth Elements) in fluid inclusions in Iherzolite, olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene have been determined by heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS (Element Type Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) method. Normalized CO2 fluid/chondrite data show that mantle fluids are rich in REEs, especially LREEs (Light Rare Earth Elements), several times or dozen times higher than mantle rocks and mantle minerals. There are close relationships among the REE data of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and 1herzolite. Compared to the data of chemical dissolution method, it is believed that REE data obtained from heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS technique are contributed by CO2 fluid inclusions. About 60% (mass fraction) of tiny inclusions are observed not to be decrepitated above 1000℃, so REE data obtained are only contributed by decrepitated inclusions. Mantle fluids rich in LREE play an important role in mantle metasomatism, partial melting and mineralization.