A new analysis of two phase flow on hydrogen production from water electrolysis

It is clear that the entire world have to research, develop, demonstrate and plan for alternative energy systems for shorter term and also longer term. As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen has become increasingly important. It owes its prestige to the increase within the energy costs as a result of the equivocalness in the future availability. Two phase flow and hydrogen gas flow dynamics effect on performance of water electrolysis. Hydrogen bubbles are recognized to influence energy and mass transfer in gas-evolving electrodes. The movement of hydrogen bubbles on the electrodes in alkaline electrolysis is known to affect the reaction efficiency. Within the scope of this research, a physical modeling for the alkaline electrolysis is determined and the studies about the two-phase flow model are carried out for this model. Internal and external forces acting on the resulting bubbles are also determined. In this research, the analytical solution of two-phase flow analysis of hydrogen in the electrolysis is analyzed.     

Development of high pressure membraneless alkaline electrolyzer

A technology for cyclic generation of hydrogen and oxygen using electrodes made of variable valency material that does not need the use of separating ion-exchange membranes is presented. The technological solution enables to fabricate electrolyzers for uninterrupted producing high-pressure hydrogen with reduced energy intensity of the production. The total work for compressing 1 m³ of hydrogen and 0.5 m³ of oxygen has been estimated. Results of investigation of influence of discrete supply of DC current to the electrolysis cell, in order to improve the processes of gas evolution and to simplify the power systems of the electrolysis plant, have been considered. There is also considered an electrolysis installation equipped with a thermosorption compressor in which LaNi₅ is used as a hydride-forming compound. The comparative characteristics of the developed electrolyzer and the currently used hydrogen generators are given.     

碱法造纸黑液驱油研究

在玻璃细珠充填柱人造岩心模型上进行了碱法造纸黑液驱替稠油的实验研究，考察了稠油酸值、盐、温度、岩心渗透率、注入量和注入方式的影响。在实验条件下碱法造纸黑液驱稠油的采收率较水驱提高２５％     

栉孔扇贝外套膜酸性和碱性磷酸酶电镜细胞化学研究

采用电镜细胞化学技术对栉孔贝（Chlamys farreri）外套膜中的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）进行了定性定位研究。结果表明，外套膜的所有上皮细胞和结缔组织中部分务细胞呈ACP强阳性。上皮细胞中高电子密度阳性颗粒多为圆形，直径300－450mm；内多也呈ACP强阳性；微绒毛等呈弱阳性。血细胞中次级溶酶体内有数目和大小不同的ACP强阳性颗粒；内质网等内膜系统呈ACP弱阳性。外套膜的所有上皮细胞和血细胞均呈AKP强阳性。AKP阳性颗粒常沿着细胞膜分布；内质网等内膜系统呈AKP强阳性；上皮细胞中一种近圆形直径约250－420nm的颗粒也呈AKP强阳性。     

Solar ponds in alkaline lake and oil well regions

Solar ponds are probably the simplest technology available for the useful conversion of solar energy. The basic technology is proven. Solar ponds have been shown to be technically feasible and economically viable for many applications, particularly for thermal use. The electrical conversion and use of solar energy via solar ponds is still questionable, in general, for economic viability. By putting the untapped sources together in the South Plains region, it looks promising economically both for thermal and electrical conversions and applications. There are a number of alkaline lake basins randomly scattered in the South Plains region of the U.S.A. In that area, there are thousands of crude oil producing wells that produce brine in abundance. The selection of suitable alkaline lake basins as a solar pond site and as depository sites of brine from oil wells and the using of this brine and salty water from alkaline lakes makes the solar pond economically viable for both thermal and electrical demands in the area.     

B级钢中频感应熔炼用镁砂坩埚的失效与防护

根据B级钢中频感应熔炼过程中镁砂坩埚的工作环境特点,指出坩埚失效的主要形式:热应力开裂、侵蚀变薄、表层剥落、钢液渗透、表面结渣等,并对其失效机理进行分析。通过调整镁砂的颗粒级配,采用多相复合技术,在坩埚的特定区域使用特定坩埚材料的分区捣筑、合理安排烧结工艺、精心操作、精心修补。从而提高了坩埚使用寿命。     

枯草杆菌碱性磷酸酶制备的最佳工艺条件及酶促反应动力学性质的研究

以枯草杆菌为菌种液体培养制备碱性磷酸酶，研究确定了培养的最佳工艺条件，并对碱性磷酸酶的酶促反应动力学性质进行了初步探讨。结果表明，枯草杆菌制备碱性磷酸酶的最佳工艺条件为：40℃，pH值7．4振荡培养10h，酶活最高。对碱性磷酸酶的动力学性质研究表明，该酶催化底物磷酸苯二钠水解反应的最适pH值8．8，最适温度52℃，米氏常数Km值为2．94mmol／L。     

Hydrolysis of human horny cells by alkaline protease: Morphological observation of the process

The interaction of highly purified alkaline protease fromBacillus sp. KSM-K16 with the horny cells of human skin contained in skin grime was directly visualized by electron microscopy. It became clear that the protease first penetrates the horny cells and then adsorbs, mainly onto the internal structure of the cells at the initial stage of hydrolysis, and directly hydrolyzes the keratin filaments, though the marginal band surrounding them retains its original shape. Then, hydrolysate produced from the keratin filaments flows out of the cell, and early in the hydrolysis process keratin filaments decrease and then disappear, leaving a marginal band, i.e., the cell turns to a hollow state. As a result, the remaining marginal band loses support from inside the cell, thus promoting cleavage and dispersion. Until this stage in the protease reaction, the remarkable liberation of hydrolysis products as water-soluble protein does not occur.     

Alkaline fuel cells: contemporary advancement and limitations

ZeTek Power recently introduced mass manufacturable and cost effective alkaline fuel cells on the market. Today's research is focused on further improvement both in terms of performance increase and cost reduction. This research is classically performed using small (4 cm²) experimental electrodes in the half-cell configuration. This allows the primary electrochemical losses in an anode or cathode to be determined independently. Additional performance losses occur when one integrates large electrodes into a module of 24 cells and in a stack comprised of many modules. By comparing the performance of half-cell experiments to that of modules, these losses can be distinguished and addressed. The information thus obtained, both for the small electrodes and in up-scaling is vital if one is to identify the key areas in which improvement is possible and where to focus future research. Furthermore, the identification of the losses in a module and system allows us to predict the final performance from half-cell measurements of a new laboratory scale experimental electrode.