Effect of mesoporous carbon on oxygen reduction reaction activity as cathode catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In this paper, a new carbon support with a large number of mesoporous-structures is selected to prepare Pt/C catalysts. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that the Pt/3# catalyst presents a sponge-like morphology, Pt particles are not only evenly distributed on the surface of carbon support, but also the smaller Pt particles are deposited in the mesoporous inside the support. The average diameter of Pt particles is only 2.8 nm. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) based on Pt/3# catalyst also shows excellent performance. In conclusion, the 3# support is an idea carbon support for PEMFC, which helps to improve the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of the catalyst. Based on the “internal-Pt” structure of the support mesoporous, the efficient three-phase boundaries (TPBs) are construct to avoid the poisoning effect of ionomer on the nano-metal particles, reduce the activation impedance and oxygen mass transfer impedance, and improve the reaction efficiency.     

Influence of metal-support interactions on reaction pathways over Ni/CeZrOx–Al2O3 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming

This work investigates selective Ni locations over Ni/CeZrO_x–Al₂O₃ catalysts at different Ni loading contents and their influences on reaction pathways in ethanol steam reforming (ESR). Depending on the Ni loading contents, the added Ni selectively interacts with CeZrO_x–Al₂O₃, resulting in the stepwise locations of Ni over CeZrO_x–Al₂O₃. This behavior induces a remarkable difference in hydrogen production and coke formation in ESR. The selective interaction between Ni and CeZrO_x for 10-wt.% Ni generates more oxygen vacancies in the CeZrO_x lattice. The Ni sites near the oxygen vacancies enhance reforming via steam activation, resulting in the highest hydrogen production rate of 1863.0 μmol/g_cat·min. In contrast, for 15 and 20-wt.% Ni, excessive Ni is additionally deposited on Al₂O₃ after the saturation of Ni–CeZrO_x interactions. These Ni sites on Al₂O₃ accelerate coking from the ethylene produced on the acidic sites, resulting in a high coke amount of 19.1 mg_c/g_cat·h (20Ni/CZ-Al).     

承插型盘扣式支撑架在地铁车辆段工程中的应用

盘扣式支撑架具有承载力强、方便安全、结实耐用等优点,被广泛应用于地铁施工。本文以广州市轨道交通十八号线万顷沙车辆段为例,对承插型盘扣式支撑架在地铁车辆段工程中的具体应用进行了详细说明,以期为同类工程提供参考。     

梁结构振动支承约束反力控制

支承或连接构件对梁结构的动力学性能有至关重要影响,必须保证其在振动过程中不发生破坏或者失效。通过合理设计和布局附加弹性支承可以实现对这些重要连接构件所承受约束反力的控制。应用微分变换法推导含附加支承的梁结构支承约束反力及其对于附加支承位置和刚度的灵敏度表达式,并通过优化设计附加支承位置和刚度实现具有弹性约束端的简支梁结构各支承约束反力的平衡,可提高结构的动力学性能。     

Highly stable nanocarbon supported Pt catalyst for fuel cell via a molten salt graphitization strategy

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) durability has been severely hindered by carbon support poor stability in the cathodic Pt-based catalyst. Herein, a high-surface-area nitrogen-doped graphitic nanocarbon (N-G-CA) with mesopores is developed as Pt support to address PEMFCs durability challenge. Resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel pyrolyzed carbon aerogel is selected as N-G-CA raw material. Nitrogen atoms are introduced into carbon aerogel via NH₃ heat treatment. Then, nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel is transferred into N-G-CA via heating together with transition-metal salts (one of FeCl₃, FeCl₂, CoCl₂, or MnCl₂, etc.) at 1200 °C. As ORR catalyst, Pt/N-G-CA half-wave potential only lost 10 mV, after 30, 000 cycles accelerated aging test in the rotating-desk-electrode. Only 12 mV voltage loss at 1.5 A/cm2 is observed, after 5, 000 cycles for membrane electrode. Pt/N-G-CA exhibits superior durability and activity than commercial Pt/C. High durability of Pt/N-G-CA is due to N-G-CA high graphitization extent, as well as the interactions between doping nitrogen and Pt. N-G-CA is promising as stable support for durable Pt-based catalysts in PEMFCs, thanks to enhanced carbon corrosion resistance, uniformly dispersed Pt, and strong support-metals interaction.     

Topology optimization of flexure hinges with a prescribed compliance matrix based on the adaptive spring model and stress constraint

This paper focuses on the configuration design of flexure hinges with a prescribed compliance matrix and preset rotational center position. A new method for the topology optimization of flexure hinges is proposed based on the adaptive spring model and stress constraint. The hinge optimization model is formulated by maximizing the bending displacement with a spring while optimizing the compliance matrix to a prescribed value. To avoid numerical instability, an artificial spring is used as an auxiliary calculation, and a new strategy is developed for adaptively adjusting the spring stiffness according to the prescribed compliance matrix. The maximum stress of flexure hinge is limited by using a normalized P-norm of the effective von Mises stress, and a position constraint of rotational center is proposed to predetermine the position of the rotational center. In addition, to reduce the error of the stress measurement, a simple but effective filtering method is presented to obtain a complete black-and-white design. Numerical examples are used to verify the proposed method. Topology results show that the obtained flexure hinges have the prescribed compliance matrix and preset rotational center position while also meeting the stress requirements.     

基于FLAC3D的破碎围岩巷道支护效果分析

为了解破碎围岩分别采用锚杆支护、锚喷支护以及锚喷+锚索耦合三种支护方式下的支护效果,进而为破碎围岩巷道选择合理的支护方式提供参考。通过借助FLAC^3D软件建立数值模型,分析不同支护条件下的破碎围岩巷道位移量、应力分布以及塑性区的时空演化特征。结果表明,采用锚喷+锚索耦合支护时,可以较好的控制巷道围岩的位移量、减小应力集中效应、缩小塑性区的影响范围。     

大断面切眼支护技术研究与实践

针对古城煤矿S1303综采工作面切眼的地质构造与施工条件,提出了大断面切眼采用“锚网索+π型梁棚+预注浆”联合支护方案,有效地控制了大断面切眼留顶煤施工期间的支护难题,保障了S1303综采面切眼能够满足设计要求和如期完成施工,为同类条件下的切眼施工提供了一定参考。     

基于神经网络和遗传算法的锭子弹性管性能优化

为得到减振弹性管对下锭胆的支承弹性和锭子高速运动下的稳定性等性能的最优匹配效率,依据减振弹性管的等效抗弯刚度及底部等效刚度系数公式,利用MatLab数值分析软件构建弹性管抗弯刚度和底部挠度数学模型。首先,结合Isight优化软件基于径向基神经网络构建其近似模型,且使精度达到可接受水平,并以模型的关键结构参数弹性模量、螺距、槽宽、壁厚为设计变量,结合遗传算法对弹性管抗弯刚度和底部挠度进行多目标优化设计,得到Pareto最优解集和Pareto前沿图,确定出减振弹性管结构工艺参数的优化方案。通过对优化数据进行分析发现,该方案在保证减振弹性管弹性的同时,其底部振幅明显减弱。     

A GIS plug-in for Bayesian belief networks: Towards a transparent software framework to assess and visualise uncertainties in ecosystem service mapping

The complexity and spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem processes driving ecosystem service delivery require spatially explicit models that take into account the different parameters affecting those processes. Current attempts to model ecosystem service delivery on a broad, regional scale often depend on indicator-based approaches that are generally not able to fully capture the complexity of ecosystem processes. Moreover, they do not allow quantification of uncertainty on their predictions. In this paper, we discuss a QGIS plug-in which promotes the use of Bayesian belief networks for regional modelling and mapping of ecosystem service delivery and associated uncertainties. Different types of specific Bayesian belief network output maps, delivered by the plug-in, are discussed and their decision support capacities are evaluated. This plug-in, used in combination with firmly developed Bayesian belief networks, has the potential to add value to current spatial ecosystem service accounting methods. The plug-in can also be used in other research domains dealing with spatial data and uncertainty.