略论中国传统合院住宅形式的固化与沿用

合院式住宅是中国人沿用了二千多年的典型形制，除了其能满足采光、通风的要求和建造相对简化外，中国传统社会早期的中霤祭祀和以五行为基本元素的统括万物的宇宙模式对于中国式合院住宅的固化与沿用，也起了不可忽视的作用。     

Daily impact of climate on the pattern of urban family life : Indigenous courtyard houses of Baghdad regions of the hot-dry climates Part I: Daily shifts or daily movements in summer

During the day, there are considerable variations in the climatic factors prevailing in these regions. This is especially so during the 24-hour daily cycle of the long, hot and dry summer (mid-May to midOctober). Such climatic conditions have had a considerable impact on the daily living pattern of family life in the same season, particularly in the urban areas. During the same 24-hour cycle, they have compelled the inhabitants to shift their living activities both vertically in section and horizontally in plan; they do this in pursuit of more acceptable, if not, desirable internal thermal environmental ambience.     

关中窄院民居

对陕西省关中地区传统窄院民居的形成,平面与空间的构成特点,外观形态以及地方材料的合理运用等进行了归纳,分析和研究。     

An Optimal Model and Algorithm of Distributed Information System

Distributed information system makes itself be placed in changing file storage position according to the users＇ request pattern. In this paper, we rebuild the model for a management system to turn the process of file managing into a 0-1 programming problem, and present a new individual form to improve the operating efficiency. Aiming at the model, we define a neighborhood span to make segmentation for searching space by using the fitness, based on the region contraction algorithm, present a new evolution algorithm which has the capability of self-adaptively generating new individuals, and ultimately solve the management problem of the distributed file system.     

Reactive Search strategies using Reinforcement Learning,local search algorithms and Variable Neighborhood Search

Optimization techniques known as metaheuristics have been applied successfully to solve different problems, in which their development is characterized by the appropriate selection of parameters (values) for its execution. Where the adjustment of a parameter is required, this parameter will be tested until viable results are obtained. Normally, such adjustments are made by the developer deploying the metaheuristic. The quality of the results of a test instance [The term instance is used to refer to the assignment of values to the input variables of a problem.] will not be transferred to the instances that were not tested yet and its feedback may require a slow process of “trial and error” where the algorithm has to be adjusted for a specific application. Within this context of metaheuristics the Reactive Search emerged defending the integration of machine learning within heuristic searches for solving complex optimization problems. Based in the integration that the Reactive Search proposes between machine learning and metaheuristics, emerged the idea of putting Reinforcement Learning, more specifically the Q-learning algorithm with a reactive behavior, to select which local search is the most appropriate in a given time of a search, to succeed another local search that can not improve the current solution in the VNS metaheuristic. In this work we propose a reactive implementation using Reinforcement Learning for the self-tuning of the implemented algorithm, applied to the Symmetric Travelling Salesman Problem.     

基于邻域搜索的改进最大最小蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法求解旅行商问题时易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一个改进的混合最大最小蚁群算法,并应用于求解旅行商问题.上述算法设计了一种新的信息素更新模型,单个蚂蚁每走一步就进行信息素局部更新,在所有的蚂蚁搜索一周后,最优路径蚂蚁进行全局信息素更新.提出一种新的邻域搜索模型,将邻域大小设置为原来的一半,提高了计算的效率.在每个蚂蚁的一个周期循环后,使用邻域搜索算法优化最优解的路径长度.仿真结果表明,改进算法具有较高的求解精度和收敛速度.     

基于最佳邻域重构指数的水下高光谱目标检测

水下机器人仅通过传统光学相机获取图像很难在复杂水下环境中或目标物具有保护色的情况下检测到目标,而通过高光谱技术进行水下目标检测可以改善这一情况;由于直接运用传统高光谱检测方法难以满足水下机器人对水下目标检测的要求,提出了一种基于最佳邻域重构指数(ONRIF)的高光谱目标检测方法,该方法通过线性重构的思想进行邻域寻优,选出信息量高且波段相关性低的波段组合,并使用所选波段的融合图像进行目标检测;结果表明,与直接对原始水下海产品高光谱图像进行检测相比,该方法在保证检测效果的前提下,大量减少了检测时间和数据冗余程度;还提出了一种在相同环境下对同类目标物的单波段快速采集检测方法,大大提高了采集数据的速度,可以满足水下机器人对海产品检测的需求.     

A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problems with time windows

This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) to solve heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problems with time windows. There are two main types of such problems, namely the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows (F) and the heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem with time windows (H), where the latter, in contrast to the former, assumes a limited availability of vehicles. The main objective is to minimize the fixed vehicle cost and the distribution cost, where the latter can be defined with respect to en-route time (T) or distance (D). The proposed unified algorithm is able to solve the four variants of heterogeneous fleet routing problem, called FT, FD, HT and HD, where the last variant is new. The HEA successfully combines several metaheuristics and offers a number of new advanced efficient procedures tailored to handle the heterogeneous fleet dimension. Extensive computational experiments on benchmark instances have shown that the HEA is highly effective on FT, FD and HT. In particular, out of the 360 instances we obtained 75 new best solutions and matched 102 within reasonable computational times. New benchmark results on HD are also presented.     

基于监督协同近邻保持投影的人脸识别算法

基于流形学习理论的近邻保持嵌入算法(Neighborhood Preserving Embedding,NPE)能够发现数据集中隐含的内蕴结构,但当训练样本不足时,无法准确发现数据的内在流形结构,从而影响算法的识别效果.针对这一问题,对NPE算法进行改进,提出了监督协同近邻保持投影算法(Supervised Collaborative Neighborhood Preserving Projection,SCNPP).该算法在类别信息的指导下构建近邻图,使同类样本间的几何关系得到保持,利用协同表示弥补NPE因样本不足造成的表示误差,以一个有效保持样本近邻关系、准确发现数据内在流形结构的权值矩阵计算投影矩阵,提高分类效果.在FERET、AR和Extended Yale B人脸数据集上的实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

核岭回归的邻域保持最大间隔分析的人脸识别

邻域保持嵌入是局部线性嵌入的线性近似,强调保持数据流形的局部结构.改进的最大间隔准则重视数据流形的判别和几何结构,提高了对数据的分类性能.文中提出的核岭回归的邻域保持最大间隔分析既保持流形的局部结构,又使不同类别的数据保持最大间隔,以此构建算法的目标函数.为了解决数据流形高度非线性化的问题,算法采用核岭回归计算特征空间的变换矩阵.先求解数据样本在核子空间中降维映射的结果,再解得核子空间.在标准人脸数据库上的实验表明该算法正确有效,并且识别性能优于普通的流形学习算法.