求解旅行商问题的混合量子蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法求解旅行商问题时易陷入局部最优和收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种新的求解旅行商问题的混合量子蚁群算法。该算法采用量子比特的概率幅对各路径上的信息素进行编码,采用量子旋转门及蚂蚁走过的路径对信息素进行更新,设计一种新的变换邻域准则。基于TSPLIB的仿真实验结果表明了该算法具有较快的收敛速度和求解精度。     

基于信息素扩散的优化蚁群算法的研究

在蚁群算法实验性分析的基础上,对算法模型改进和信息素更新机制方面,首次引入了信息素扩散的概念,在信息素更新的时候更好地考虑了先前经过的节点,以尽力避免不必要的无用搜索,同时基于信息素扩散的蚁群算法具有不断获得新的最优解的能力,使得改进蚁群算法在不断的迭代过程后,可获得全局最优解,而不易陷入局部最优解.在解决实际旅行商问题时,首先对所有节点的坐标预处理,然后采取信息素扩散机制和蚂蚁泛滥技术来对蚁群算法进行改进,力求在相同的迭代次数内可以寻找到更短及代价更小的路径.最后,通过在vc++环境下实现改进蚁群算法程序,验证了改进后的蚁群算法的可行性以及改进后的蚁群算法求解的高效性.     

改进的智能蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用

研究旅行商领域优化路径问题,解决目前蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、搜索时间长等问题.为加快算法的速度优化结果,提出了一种改进的求解TSP问题的智能蚁群优化算法.算法前期采用了一种最近节点选择策略对路径进行优化,提高了搜索效率,使之适应大规模问题求解;后期改进了基本蚁群算法中信息素、挥发因子的更新规则,通过改进使得每轮搜索后信息素的增量能更好地反映求解的质量,有效地避免陷入局部最优,加快了收敛.通过改进后的蚁群算法,对TSPLIB中部分问题的仿真结果表明,在避免陷入局部最优和缩短搜索时间方面都取得了很好的效果.证明采取的优化蚁群算法,是可行有效的.     

一种改进蚁群算法求解最短路径的应用

蚁群算法是一种新型的启发式模拟进化算法,为求解各种复杂的组合问题提供了一种新的思路.虽然蚂蚁个体没有智能,但群体蚂蚁可以通过信息素(pheromone)进行互相交流进而协调工作.自从Marco Dorigo根据蚂蚁觅食的过程,首次提出了蚁群算法并且应用于求解最短路径问题以来,针对蚁群算法的研究一直都没有停止.通过对信息素更新策略、局部搜索算法、随机选择概率三个方面的改进,提高算法的全局最优搜索能力和收敛性.实验结果表明,改进算法有较好的性能.     

基于T-ACO算法的旅行商问题求解优化研究

为了有效求解旅行商问题,本文提出了一种基于T分布的改进蚁群算法。针对基本蚁群算法易陷入局部最优、寻优精度低等缺陷,在优化过程中,在信息素更新原则上,引入T分布,有益于基本蚁群算法弥补其不足。在基本蚁群算法中增加了信息素的突变,使得蚂蚁群的多样性提高,从而跳出局部最优的限制。与此同时,T-ACO算法在旅行商问题搜寻精度与收敛速度方面也得到了提高。对T-ACO求解旅行商问题的性能进行了实验仿真,实验分析表明,T-ACO算法有更好的寻优能力。     

求解子旅行商问题的改进蚁群算法

已有求解子旅行商问题的蚁群算法存在容易早熟、易于陷入局部最优的问题。为此,提出一种改进的蚁群算法。将拥挤因子嵌入到蚁群算法的状态转移和信息素更新过程中,增强全局搜索能力,设计邻域搜索技术和局部变异技术,以提高解的质量和加快收敛速度。实验结果表明,该算法的求解质量和稳定性较好。     

基于混合信息素递减的蚁群算法

根据蚁群算法信息素更新的特性,提出了求解旅行商问题的混合信息素递减的蚁群算法。把基本蚁群的三种不同的信息素更新方式混合在一起,同时提出了信息素递减更新的方法。新的更新方式避免了蚂蚁在寻找最优解的过程中,由于禁忌表元素的逐渐增加而限制蚂蚁巡游路径选择的缺点,减少了巡游后期信息素对于后继蚂蚁的影响,提高了后继蚂蚁的巡游质量。仿真实验表明了该混合算法的有效性。     

一种快速求解旅行商问题的蚁群算法

蚁群优化是一种元启发式的随机搜索技术,是目前解决组合优化问题最有效的工具之一.将信息素更新和随机搜索机制的改进相结合,提出一种快速求解旅行商问题的蚁群算法.首先给出了一种新的信息素增量模型,以体现蚂蚁在不同路径上行走时所产生的信息素差异;然后以蚂蚁经过的路径(直线段)作为信息素扩散浓度场的信源,改进了信息素扩散模型,强化了蚂蚁间的协作和交流;最后采用较低复杂度的变异策略对迭代的结果进行优化.在大量通用数据集上的实验表明,该算法不仅能获得更好的最优解,而且收敛速度有显著的提高.     

引入动态分化和邻域诱导机制的双蚁群优化算法

为提高传统蚁群算法在解决旅行商问题时的优化效果，提出了一种引入动态分化和邻域诱导机制的双蚁群优化算法。该算法首先引入混沌随机策略，在算法初始化阶段改变原始的贪心策略，使初始信息素混沌分布，以保持种群的多样性，从而提高解的精度；其次，将蚁群分为孤立蚁群与正常蚁群，两组蚂蚁分别在当前最优路径与离群路径附近搜索；在种群间采取诱导机制，正常蚁负责搜索最优路径，孤立蚁混沌随机释放信息素，将正常蚁群诱导至新的路径邻域，从而有效地平衡收敛速度与解的多样性之间的矛盾。通过对不同规模的旅行商问题仿真结果的比较，验证了所提算法的有效性。     

改进的蚁群优化算法求解旅行商问题

针对基本蚁群算法在求解旅行商问题时表现的停滞和早熟现象,提出一种带遗忘因子的蚁群优化算法。通过在人工蚂蚁中加入遗忘因子,建立新的状态转移公式,修改信息素更新策略,蚂蚁按照基本蚁群算法的搜索方式工作,结合当前解的最优值误差率,对状态转移方程进行调整,新公式可用于降低最优值误差、提高最优值跟踪能力、修正路径评价模型、计算每条路径到当前最优解的概率。对TSP实例的仿真结果表明,改进算法耗时更短,路径寻优结果更优。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate