侧向风作用下车桥系统气动性能及风屏障的影响研究

采用计算流体力学软件建立桥梁单体、车辆单体以及车桥组合体模型,湍流模型取标准κ-ε模型,计算各模型在不同风攻角时侧向风作用下的气动力系数.考虑风屏障对车辆、桥梁气动性能影响,建立风屏障、桥梁与车辆组合体模型,分析风屏障不同开孔率时车辆、桥梁气动力系数变化规律.结果表明:车辆位于桥上时,桥梁阻力和车辆侧力会增大;桥上车辆侧滚力矩系数明显大于车辆单独存在的情况,且车辆位于桥上迎风侧大于背风侧的情况;安装风屏障后,桥梁阻力和力矩系数随开孔率增大而降低,车辆侧力系数和力矩系数随开孔率增大而增大;为保证风屏障有效性,风屏障开孔率应小于40％.     

高速公路中央分隔带槽形混凝土护栏的开发研究

简要介绍了高速公路中央分隔带槽形混凝土护栏的开发过程，提出了改进后的中央分隔带混凝土护栏的定型尺寸。研究结果表明，改进后护栏不仅造价降低，同时也改善了车辆碰撞的防护效果。     

探索高职院校学生体育心理障碍和对策

教学的目的是促进学生的身体与心理的共同发展,培养学生的综合素质。体育对于学生的心理与身体素质的培养有着重要的意义。高职院校开展体育教学也正是基于这方面的考虑,但是也要看到高职院校学生体育教学中,学生还存在着一些心理障碍,这些心理障碍严重阻碍了高职院校所开展的体育课程教学。本文就目前高职院校学生体育心理障碍进行了分析、总结,并就相应的对策提出了自已的见解。     

公共自行车近期文献综述

提供公共自行车服务的城市数量快速发展,从20世纪90年代末屈指可数发展到如今超过800个。通过综述近期公共自行车文献,总结公共自行车研究领域的若干议题。便捷性是出行者使用公共自行车的主要动机。省钱是促使低收入群体使用的原因,与停放站间距离是预测会员数量的重要指标。在一些国家,只有不到半数会员每月使用率少于一次。男性使用率高于女性,但性别失衡情况并未如私人自行车那样显著(至少在自行车使用率低的国家)。年会员最普遍的出行目的是通勤。与私人自行车使用者相比,公共自行车使用者不常佩戴头盔,但在法律强制佩戴头盔的国家,其使用水平则受到影响。公共自行车使用者相比私人自行车使用者不易受伤。未来发展方向包括电动自行车集成、GPS全球定位系统、无停放站系统和改进的公共交通一体化。指出应开展更多研究量化公共自行车在出行方式选择、尾气排放、拥堵和健康方面的影响。     

The Coastal Barrier Resources Act: Has It Discouraged Coastal Development?

Despite an effort by Congress to design a market-based public policy to limit development on certain coastal barriers and protect the federal treasury from paying for recovery from expensive natural disasters, growth continued on these shifting sands. In enacting the Coastal Barrier Resources Act, federal policymakers may have overlooked the key role of state and local governments, as well as the role of local developers, landowners, and realtors in shaping development on coastal barriers. By itself, the act will not prevent development. In fact, it appears that development in areas designated under the act will occur if (1) development pressure is strong enough to overcome the disincentives posed by the act, and (2) state and local governments facilitate development. For example, a local government may substitute its own subsidies for those withdrawn by the federal government. Nothing in the act prevents this from occurring. This article examines the key forces affecting development in areas designated under the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) and seeks to explain why development has occurred in some designated areas, despite the withdrawal of federal subsidies. Using case studies of selected coastal barriers designated by the act, as well as surveys of state coastal managers and key informants, the research shows that the Coastal Barrier Resources Act, by itself, will not prevent development from occurring in the designated coastal areas.     

日本列车横风和强风对策研究

随着我国列车提速和高速客运专线的发展,列车的空气动力学问题变得越来越突出和重要.对该问题进行研究时,借鉴铁路发达国家的研究成果是有意义的.日本的铁路发展较早,现代化程度较高,同时因地域关系,台风和龙卷风发生频繁,由此引发的列车事故严重,相关的研究也深入.本文分别介绍了日本列车横风灾害和横风导致列车倾覆机理及计算模型的研究、列车空气动力学专用大型风洞研究、不同外形列车与铁路构造物(桥梁、路堤等)组合的风洞试验研究成果和足尺模型在自然风环境下的测试结果、列车倾覆临界风速研究和保障列车安全运行的管制制度和设置防风栅研究等,为我国高速列车的空气动力学研究提供参考.     

九圩港闸闸下兴建桥梁工程模型试验研究

九圩港闸下新建桥梁工程，不能单独从泥沙问题来考虑其影响，还应考虑工程后对九圩港闸引、排水功能以及对闸上已有桥梁工程的影响。通过物理模型试验研究将较好地解决相关难题，为工程决策、设计提供科学依据。研究结果表明，桥梁工程方案实施后潮位最大壅高0．028m，对流速影响较大的范围在桥轴线上下100m之内，对九圩港闸引、排水流量的影响在3％以内。     

Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of trenches for the mitigation of train-induced vibrations

In this work, the efficiency of absorbing barriers for the mitigation of ground vibrations induced by railway traffic has been evaluated by means of two different experimental campaigns conducted in situ, along the newly-built, high-speed railway line that connects the Italian cities of Milan and Bologna. In the first stage of testing, a series of ideal barriers created from unsupported empty trenches were tested to assess the effects of barrier depth on their efficiency in reducing vertical ground accelerations. The second stage of testing was performed to investigate the efficiency of a full-scale prototype barrier, made of a 2-meter-deep trench supported by two precast reinforced concrete plates connected by steel bars, during transit of an ETR 500 train at a speed of 120 km/h.     

Barriers and strategies in listening comprehension

A variety of barriers to listening comprehension are illustrated in this paper. They are analyzed respectively and several effective strategies are also presented afterward. The barriers to listening are those of psychological quality, language knowledge, cultural background, Chinese interference and so on. The strategies should be as follows: training students' psychological quality, strengthening the teaching and learning of language knowledge, comparing cultural differences, using student-centered teaching method and combining intensive listening and extensive listening.     

关于轨道交通声屏障结构优化的仿真分析

采用有限元—无限元耦合法,依据有关文献的声屏障模型进行有限元建模,验证基于有限元—无限元耦合法的Actran软件计算声屏障插入损失。在通过试验验证无声屏障时路基线路模型可靠性的基础上,进而对表面带有凸起的声屏障结构进行数值仿真计算分析;研究表面带有圆形凸起和表面带有三角形凸起的声屏障结构的扩散体宽度、间距及突出高度分别对其降噪效果的影响,并优化其各自结构参数,为设计效果达标、结构合理和外形美观的声屏障提供理论依据。