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Background

IgG4 production is regulated by type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We sought to determine the pathophysiological characteristics of IgG4-positive cells in sinonasal tissues in CRS, especially eosinophilic CRS (ECRS).

Methods

IgG4-positive cells in uncinate tissues (UT) and nasal polyps (NP) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Associations between the number of IgG4-positive cells and clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of IgG4-positive cells in tissue that can predict the post-operative course.

Results

IgG4 was mainly expressed in infiltrating plasma and plasmacytoid cells, and the number of IgG4-positive cells was significantly higher in NP, especially those from severe ECRS patients, than in UT. In CRS patients, the number of IgG4-positive cells significantly and positively correlated with blood and tissue eosinophilia, radiological severity, and serum level of total IgE. The number of infiltrating IgG4-positive cells was significantly higher in patients with a poor post-operative course (sustained sinus shadow 6 months after surgery) than in those with a good one. The number of IgG4-positive cells in NP could discriminate patients with a good or a poor post-operative course (area under the curve: 0.769). Also, 73.3% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity were achieved when the cut-off value was set at 17 cells/high-power field.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the local expression of IgG4 on cells may be used as a biomarker that reflects the pathophysiology of CRS, including the post-operative course.  相似文献   
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Background

IL-10 is a major anti-inflammatory cytokine that prevents inflammation-mediated tissue damage. We characterized the production of IL-10 by sinonasal tissue cells following exposure to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), which elicits cellular responses and is associated with the pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS).

Methods

Dispersed nasal polyp (NP) cells and uncinate tissue (UT) cells were prepared from patients with CRS with and without NP, respectively. Cells were incubated with SEB, and then the levels of IL-10 in the cell supernatants were determined. The effect of neutralizing IL-10 on SEB-induced IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-17A production was examined. Expression of IL-10 in NPs was also determined.

Results

IL-10 was expressed in infiltrating inflammatory cells in NPs. NP cells, especially non-adherent NP cells, produced substantial amounts of IL-10 in response to SEB. Although baseline production of IL-10 was significantly higher in NP cells than UT cells, the degree of IL-10 response to SEB was not significantly different between the cell types. The degree of IL-10 production was negatively correlated with the degree of eosinophilia both in tissues and peripheral blood whereas positively correlated with the 1-s forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity ratio. Patients with severe ECRS displayed a significant decrease in IL-10 production compared with those with non-ECRS. IL-10 neutralization significantly augmented SEB-induced IL-13 and IFN-γ production by NP cells.

Conclusions

Impaired IL-10 production in response to SEB in NP may exacerbate the pathophysiology of ECRS including eosinophilia and lower airway obstruction.  相似文献   
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《Immunobiology》2020,225(2):151890
Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, presenting with two phenotypes that differ in symptoms and inflammatory profiles: either with or without polyps. Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in both the innate and acquired immune response, and their function may be limited under pathological conditions, leading to polyp formation. We determined NK cell involvement and maturity in chronic rhinosinusitis, by determining the percentage of NK cells in polyps, nasal mucosa, and in the peripheral blood. Material was obtained from 49 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (36 with polyps, 13 without polyps), and 15 control patients. Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype NK cells, and the expression of selected functional receptors was evaluated. NK cells were found to be increased in polyp tissue versus peripheral blood and nasal mucosa. NK cell maturation differed significantly with predominance of a cytotoxic phenotype (CD11b+/27-) in peripheral blood, compared with a regulatory/tolerogenic phenotype (CD11+/-/ 27+) in tissue material. These findings demonstrate the involvement of NK cells in the inflammatory process of chronic rhinosinusitis. Decreased expression of activating receptors in the analyzed groups may also indicate the presence of modifying agents. Disorders of the maturation process of NK cells may be an important element in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyps.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory airway disease characterized as tight junction loosening, inflammation, and mucosal remodeling. Epithelial cells form a barrier against allergens, bacteria, and proteases, and can also trigger or enhance the immune response by releasing various inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, and secreted proteins to promote the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.

Areas covered: We review the epithelium-derived cytokine and secreted protein networks driving CRSwNP, and discuss these mediators in a cellular context. We illustrate their roles as potential mediators-biomarkers in clinical practice, which may help to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathologies of different endotypes of CRSwNP and to improve treatment outcomes in patients with CRSwNP based on the development of novel predictors for CRSwNP management.

Expert opinion: The understanding of the role of epithelium-derived inflammatory mediators helps to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of CRSwNP endotypes. An increasing number of studies show that these mediators target immune cells and promote the recruitment, activation or regulation of the proliferation or apoptosis of these cells. Based on this achievement, further investigations are necessary to explore the multi-dimensional role of epithelium-derived inflammatory mediators in CRSwNP.  相似文献   
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