老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效对比

目的：探讨老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效差异，评价两种方法的优缺点。方法回顾性分析2009-12—2011-12收治的老年桡骨远端C型骨折68例，按照治疗方法分为A组(手术组)及B组(非手术组)，统计分析两组患者的临床资料。结果 A组33例， B组35例，平均随访21.5个月。两组患者的年龄、骨折类型均无差异(P＞0.05)；术后影像学指标A组优于B组，骨折愈合时间B组优于A组，治疗成本A组大于B组(P＜0.05)；Cooney评分早期A组优于B组，1年后两组无差异，两组的并发症无差异(P＞0.05)。结论老年人桡骨远端C型骨折手术治疗较非手术治疗可获得更好的复位及早期功能，但远期功能恢复无差异。     

老年人股骨粗隆间骨折手术时机对预后影响的临床研究

目的：探讨老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术时机对临床预后结局的影响。方法整群选取2015年1月—2016年1月该院收治的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者68例为研究对象。根据患者手术时间将其分为A组与B组, A组32例,B组36例,观察两组患者不同年龄术后30 d、1年的死亡情况。结果两组患者术后30d、1年死亡率比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05；但A组、B组患者中超过80岁的患者术后1年死亡率明显低于80岁以下年龄患者,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论年龄超过80岁的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后1年死亡率相对较高。     

A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of non-operative management in patients with high grade liver injury

IntroductionThe liver is the most frequently damaged organ in blunt abdominal trauma. It is widely accepted that hemodynamically stable patients with low-grade liver trauma should be treated with non-operative management, however there is controversy surrounding its safety and efficacy in high-grade trauma. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of non-operative management in patients with high-grade liver trauma.MethodsPubMed and reference lists of PubMed articles were searched to find studies that examined the efficacy of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury patients, and compare it to operative management. Non-operative management was considered successful if rescue surgery was avoided. Outcomes considered were success, mortality, and complication rates.ResultsThe electronic search revealed 2662 records, 8 of which met the inclusion criteria. All 8 studies contained results suggesting that non-operative management was safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver trauma. By combining the outcomes of the different studies, non-operative management had a high success rate of 92.4% (194/210) in high-grade liver trauma patients, which was near the overall 95.0% non-operative management success rate. Non-operative management also had mortality and complication rates of 4.6% (9/194) and 9.7% (7/72) in high-grade injury patients, respectively, compared to operative management's 17.6% (26/148) and 45.5% (5/11).ConclusionNon-operative management of liver trauma is safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with high-grade liver injury. It is associated with significantly lower mortality compared with operative management. More studies are required to evaluate complications of non-operative management in high-grade liver injury.     

1381例先天性室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的总结先天性室间隔缺损(VSD)手术治疗的临床经验。方法1992年12月至2005年10月手术治疗VSD1381例,男性835例,女性546例,年龄2天至55岁,平均(4.6±3.2)岁。体重2.5～80(14.5±10.7)kg,<10kg者487例(35.3%)。均在低温体外循环下手术,必要时应用深低温低流量及改良超滤技术。直视缝合823例,补片修补558例。结果术后30d内死亡24例(其中11例年龄<6个月),死亡率1.74%;晚期死亡1例。主要并发症发生率9.7%。结论手术治疗室间隔缺损效果满意。但<6个月龄的低体重婴儿应严格控制手术适应证。干下型VSD应早期手术,防止主动脉瓣关闭不全的发生。术后应重视对呼吸系统、循环系统的监护与治疗,重视对肺动脉高压围术期处理     

重型颅脑损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤梯度减压的手术方法对预防术中脑膨出、降低死亡率及致残率的效果。方法对100例重型颅脑损伤患者采用分次减压手术方式及去骨瓣后，硬膜与颞肌筋膜瓣减张缝闭硬膜切口方法。结果40例脑肿胀患者术中脑嘭出6例占15．0％，死亡19例占47．5％；60例脑内血肿病人未发生脑膨出，死亡12例占20％。结论脑外伤后脑血管调节麻痹及血肿压迫继发脑水肿易造成脑膨出.术中分次减压降低了骨窗部位脑组织的顺应性，从而降低了局部的压力梯度，避免脑血管急性扩张，能有效防止脑膨出，降低死亡率及致残率。     

颅底中线区大型和巨大型脑膜瘤的显微手术切除

目的探讨颅底中线区不同部位大型和巨大型脑膜瘤手术入路和切除方式,并分析特殊类型脑膜瘤手术治疗方法。方法本组93例,男性26例,女性67例;平均年龄48.4岁。术前行神经影像学检查,根据肿瘤部位,选择相应手术入路,采用显微手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除80例(86.02%),大部分切除13例(13.98%),死亡1例(10.75%)。除单条颅神经功能术前完全丧失外,术后神经功能改善者75例(81.52%),不变者10例(10.86%),加重者7例(7.6%)。经6月￣7年随访,13例(14.13%)肿瘤复发。结论颅底中线区大型和巨大型脑膜瘤手术切除难度大。要取得良好的手术效果,必须选择正确手术入路,采用分块切除方式,精心保护重要血管和神经。     

胰腺损伤的诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺损伤诊断,治疗经验及如何降低病死率。方法对我院1988年1月至2004年12月胰腺损伤27例进行回顾性分析。其中Ι级5例,II级7例,Ⅲ级8例,IV级6例,V级1例。单纯胰周引流12例,胰体尾切除8例,胰腺近端缝扎、远端与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合2例,胰头十二指肠修补加十二指肠憩室化2例,胰腺近端缝扎、远端与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合加改良十二指肠憩室化3例。结果痊愈25例(92.6%),死亡2例(7.4%)。结论根据外伤病史,腹部体征、B超CT及淀粉酶检查,对胰腺损伤是有较大邦助。必要时及做剖腹探查协助诊断。选择合理的手术方式可提高治愈率,减少并发症,降低死亡率。     

镰旁大型脑膜瘤外科治疗的探讨

目的：探讨影响镰旁大型脑膜瘤手术治疗的相关问题。方法：回顾性分析1994年8月至2001年8月经治的12例镰旁大型脑膜瘤的临床资料及手术经过。结果：12例肿瘤均全切除，无手术死亡。随访预后良好，无肿瘤复发。结论：镰旁大型脑膜瘤的手术应充分利用影像学资料及病人出现的阳性体征进行分析，选择合适的手术径路全部切除肿瘤，同时注重脑功能区及重要血管的保护、瘤基底部大脑镰的切除及周边组织的电灼处理。