消化管小细胞癌的临床病理研究

报道１０例消化管小细胞癌。组织学形态分为三型：小细胞型６例，中间细胞型２例，混合细胞型２例，其中３例出现灶性鳞状分化，２例腺样分化。免疫组化结果显示Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ阳性５例，ＥＭＡ阳性５例，４例ＮＳＥ和ｃｈｒｏｍｏｇｒａｎｉｎ－Ａ阳性。支持此瘤的组织发生可能是全能干细胞来源学说。     

The Association of the Medicaid 1915(c) Home and Community-Based Services Waivers with Emergency Department Utilization among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Using the 2008–2013 Medicaid Analytic eXtract files, this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of Medicaid home and...     

Upregulated β1-6 branch N-glycan marks early gliomagenesis but exhibited biphasic expression in the progression of astrocytic glioma

Glioma is the world’s commonest primary brain malignancy with much of its biology relating to translational and post-translational events still unknown. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological significance of N-linked β1-6-GlcNAc branches and GnT-V enzyme in the development and progression of astrocytic glioma. Expression of GnT-V and its GlcNAc-β1-6 oligosaccharides by-product together with Con-A binding sugars were assessed immunohistochemically on tissue microarrays of 16 normal brain and 159 tissue samples of astrocytomas of variable grades and histology. Although tissues of both grade I astrocytomas and normal brain showed considerably higher GnT-V expression, GlcNAc-β1-6 expression was significantly high only in tissues of grade I astrocytomas (p < 0.001), which is attributable to elevated levels of the precursor Con-A binding sugar moieties (p < 0.001). The activity of GnT-V enzyme was found to be dependent on the degree of glioma pathogenesis, as the GlcNAc-β1-6 branched expression diminished with every progressive grade of glioma, reaching minimum in glioblastoma (p < 0.001). Having biphasic activity in gliomagenesis, the role of GnT-V in glioma was deciphered by generating different ectopic GnT-V expressions in U-87 cells, which showed the highest GnT-V expression among selected glioma cell lines. Transient GnT-V rescue was achieved in knockdown clones by transfection with GnT-V expression vector. Suppression of GnT-V in U-87 cells slowed cell proliferation with G0/G1 cell cycle phase arrest. Reduced tumorigenicity, invasiveness and cell-ECM interactions were also associated with suppressed in vitro GnT-V activity suggesting GnT-V may act as an oncoprotein. We report for the first time that GnT-V products are involved in early gliomagenesis but their reduced expression, correlating with low Con-A binding sugars level found in high tumor grades predicts the loss of total N-glycosylation in glioma development and may be of potential diagnostic and/or prognostic value in astrocytoma.     

Praziquantel treatment of school children from single and mixed infection foci of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis along the Senegal River Basin: monitoring treatment success and re-infection patterns

Following major water development schemes in the 1980s, schistosomiasis has become a serious parasitic disease of children living in the Senegal River Basin. Both urogenital (Schistosoma haematobium) and intestinal (Schistosoma mansoni) schistosomiasis can be highly prevalent in school-aged children, with many individuals infected with both parasites. In order to investigate the transmission and re-infection dynamics of both parasite species, single and mixed infection foci at three villages (Nder and Temeye; S. mansoni and S. haematobium foci and Guia; S. haematobium focus) were studied. In each focus infected children were identified and selected for a 12-month study involving two treatments with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) three weeks apart at the beginning of the study and again 6 months into the study. Urine and stool samples were examined for schistosome eggs before and at 6 weeks and 6 months after chemotherapy. Prevalence and intensity of infection were recorded for each child at each time point. Before treatment, in all three villages, the prevalence and intensity of infection was extremely high for both S. mansoni (79–100%) and S. haematobium (81–97%). With the first round of chemotherapy sufficient cure rates (CRs) of both species were achieved in all villages (38–96%) with high egg reduction rates (ERRs) (97–99%). The data show that high and rapid re-infection rates occur, especially for S. mansoni, within a six-month period following treatment. Re-infection must be highly linked to ecological and seasonal factors. The persistence of S. mansoni in Nder could raise concern as levels of infection intensity remain high (geometric mean intensity at baseline 653 epg changed to 705 epg at 12 months) after four rounds of chemotherapy. This phenomenon could be explained by extremely rapid re-infection dynamics or a sub-optimal efficacy of praziquantel against S. mansoni in this village. High intensities in mixed infections may influence disease epidemiology and control warranting further studies. The disease situation in the SRB must be monitored closely and new treatment regimes should be designed and implemented to control schistosomiasis in the school-age population.     

Hemophagocytic syndrome complicating adult's seropositive rheumatoid arthritis

INTRODUCTION: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe complication of chronic rheumatic diseases, particularly juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. However, MAS is rarely described in adult rheumatoid polyarthritis. EXEGESE: We report a case of MAS complicating a seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis after 20 years of evolution. Pancytopenia with fever, renal failure and hepatic dysfunction revealed the disease that was confirmed by multiple macrophages and monocytes invading the bone marrow specimen. CONCLUSION: Outcome has been spectacular under corticosteroids.