大鼠血管内皮功能障碍及胰岛素抵抗与高脂饮食的关系

目的:观察高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素抵抗的发生以及血管内皮功能的变化。方法:实验于2006-05/06在东南大学实验动物中心完成。选用健康SD雄性大鼠16只,体质量150～180g,随机数字表法分为正常对照组和高脂饮食组,每组8只。正常对照组用普通饲料(成分:米糠80g,玉米粉500g,黄豆粉300g,骨粉30g,维生素13g,矿物质67g)喂养,高脂饮食组用高脂饲料(葵花油325g,玉米粉254g,全脂奶粉230g,米糠51g,鸡蛋30g,维生素13g,矿物质67g,骨粉30g,混合制成1000g)喂养4周。观察高脂饮食对大鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数、胰岛素抵抗指数、口服葡萄糖耐量试验、体质量、血浆内皮素1和血清一氧化氮的影响,以免疫组织化学方法检测血管内皮细胞内皮素1、内皮型一氧化氮合酶蛋白的表达。结果:纳入大鼠16只均进入结果分析。①4周后高脂饮食组大鼠空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、体质量、血浆内皮素1及血管内皮细胞内皮素1阳性细胞数均明显高于正常对照组[(27.50±2.15),(14.30±1.89)mIU/L,P<0.01;(6.60±1.26),(3.28±0.57),P<0.01;(332.69±15.85),(312.38±16.37)g,P<0.05;(77.82±6.28),(64.72±5.42)ng/L,P<0.01;(47.50±2.51),(32.47±3.44),P<0.01]。②高脂饮食组大鼠胰岛素敏感指数、血清一氧化氮及血管内皮型一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞数均明显低于正常对照组[(-4.99±0.17),(-4.29±0.19);(46.50±3.08),(54.63±5.58)μmol/L;(48.17±3.55),(55.50±3.15),P<0.01]。③4周后口服葡萄糖耐量试验高脂饮食组在30,60,120min血糖值均高于正常对照组,差异有显著性意义[(8.71±0.63),(7.90±0.53)mmol/L,P<0.05;(9.51±0.45),(7.28±0.43)mmol/L,P<0.01;(6.58±0.48),(5.80±0.58)mmol/L,P<0.05)。结论:高脂饮食可致大鼠胰岛素抵抗和血管内皮功能障碍,血脂代谢障碍是促成胰岛素抵抗的形成和血管内皮功能障碍的主要危险因素之一。     

Phenylpropanoid glycosides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterosmilax erythrantha</Emphasis> and their antioxidant activity

By various chromatographic methods, one new phenylpropanoid glycoside, heterosmilaside (1), two known phenylpropanoid glycosides, helonioside B (2), and 2′,6′-diacetyl-3,6-diferuloyl sucrose (3), and three known flavonoids, isoquercetin (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (5), and quercetin-3-O-(2″-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (6) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial part of Heterosmilax erythrantha Baill. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. All the isolated compounds were tested for antioxidant activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Among them, compounds 5 and 6 showed significant antioxidant activity with SC₅₀ values of 3.7 and 6.5 μg/mL, respectively.     

呼吸/心跳同步触发多功能撞击致伤装置的研制

0引言创伤,特别是交通伤已成为人类一大公害,国外从本世纪40年代开始进行实验研究,早期实验研究无论是用自由落体式或摆锤式致伤撞击装置,不仅体积大且笨重,最大缺点是不能模拟高速致伤条件［‘·’j．随后有人用撞击枪制造动物创伤模型,显提高了撞击速度,机型较小,使用方便,但其速度和压缩幅度不易掌握．本世纪80年代初美国通用汽车公司首先设计制作出气动式撞击机,使撞击速度大大提高．1993年国内第三军医大学野战外科研究所报道在BIM－1型（自由落体式）生物撞击机基础上研制出一台BIM－I型（气动式）生物撞击机「‘’．我…     

Anti-inflammatory coumarins from Paramignya trimera

Context: Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Burkill (Rutaceae) has been used to treat liver diseases and cancer. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of this medicinal plant and its components have not been elucidated.

Objective: This study investigated chemical constituents of the P. trimera stems and evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of isolated compounds.

Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity of isolated compounds (5–40?μM) toward BV2 cells was tested using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) for 24?h. Inhibitory effects of isolated compounds (5-40?μM) on nitrite and PGE₂ concentrations were determined using Griess reaction and PGE₂ ELISA kit, respectively (pretreated with the compounds for 3?h and then stimulated for 18?h with LPS). Inhibitory effects of compounds (5-40?μM) on iNOS and COX-2 protein expression were evaluated by Western blot analysis (pretreated with the compounds for 3?h and then stimulated for 24?h with LPS).

Results: Seven coumarins were isolated and identified as: ostruthin (1), ninhvanin (2), 8-geranyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (3), 6-(6′,7′-dihydroxy-3′,7′-dimethylocta-2′-enyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (4), 6-(7-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5-dienyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (5), 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran (6), and luvangetin (7). Compounds 1–4 and 7 inhibited NO and PGE₂ production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.8 to 46.8 and from 9.4 to 52.8?μM, respectively. Ostruthin (1) and ninhvanin (2) were shown to suppress LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein expression.

Discussion and conclusion: The present study provides a scientific rationale for the use of P. trimera in the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Ostruthin and ninhvanin might have potential therapeutic effects and should be considered for further development as new anti-neuroinflammatory agents.     

Phenylpropanoids from the leaves of Acanthopanax koreanum and their antioxidant activity

By various chromatographic methods, one new phenylpropanoid, acanthopanic acid (1), and three known compounds, 1,2-O-dicaffeoylcyclopenta-3-ol (2), (4S)-α-terpineol 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and rutin (4), were isolated from the methanol extract of the Acanthopanax koreanum leaves. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) radical scavenging 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Among them, compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed significant scavenging capacity with IC(50) values of 3.8, 2.6, and 2.9?μM, respectively, and compound 3 showed weak scavenging capacity with the inhibition rate of 37% at 40?μM.     

Two new c-glucosyl benzoic acids and flavonoids from Mallotus nanus and their antioxidant activity

Two new 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl benzoic acid derivatives named mallonanosides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Mallotus nanus along with five known flavonoids, kaempferin (3), juglanin (4), quercitrin (5), myricitrin (6), and rhoifolin (7). Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Their antioxidant activities were shown to depend on the number of hydroxyl groups, and the location and species of sugar moiety.     

Chemical components from the Vietnamese soft coral Lobophytum sp.

Chromatographic separation resulted in the identification of one new squalene derivative, named lobophytene (1), three cembranoid diterpenes (2–4), and two sterols (5 and 6) from the Vietnamese marine soft coral Lobophytum sp. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data and comparison of those with reported data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxic activities against lung (A549) and colon (HT-29) cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 8.2 and 5.6 μM for 1; 5.1 and 1.8 μM for 2, respectively.     

A potential inhibitor of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation from the pollen of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Typha angustata</Emphasis>

By various chromatographic methods, three flavonoids, (2S)-naringenin (1), isorhamnetin 3-O-(2-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl) β-d-glucopyranoside (2), typhaneoside (3), and two sterol glycosides, β-sitosterol-3-O-(6-octadecanoyl) β-d-glucopyranoside (4) and β-sitosterol-3-O-(6-octadeca-9Z,12Z-dienoyl) β-d-glucopyranoside (5), were isolated from the pollen of Typha angustata. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The flavonoids (1–3) were evaluated for their effects on the viability and proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. (2S)-naringenin (1) significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxic at concentrations of 30, and 50 μM; it reduced the number of cells following PDGF-BB treatment to 1.83 ± 0.30 × 10⁴ and 2.20 ± 0.60 × 10⁴ cells/well, respectively. These findings suggest that (2S)-naringenin has antiproliferative effects on aortic smooth muscle cells.     

Inhibitory effects of oleanane-type triterpenes and saponins from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus on LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Kalopanax pictus (Araliaceae) is a deciduous tree distributed in Korea, Japan, and China. The stem bark of K. pictus has been functionally used as a traditional crude drug for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we describe the inhibitory effects of oleanane-type triterpenes and saponins isolated from the stem bark of K. pictus on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Of the compounds tested, 16,23,29-trihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 4,23,29-trihydroxy-3,4-seco-olean-12-en-3-oate-28-oic acid (2), 3β,6β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), nipponogenin E (6), 3β,6β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7), and caulophyllogenin (19) significantly inhibited the production of IL-12 p40 and IL-6 with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.3 to 9.1 μM. Compounds 2, 3, 7, and 19 significantly suppressed the secretion of TNF-α with IC₅₀ ranging from 8.8 to 20.0 μM. These data provide scientific support for the use of K. pictus stem bark and its triterpene and saponin components in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, including IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-α, and for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.     

佳贝和欧可芬滴眼液在白内障手术中应用的研究

目的：评价佳贝和欧可芬滴眼液在白内障术中维持瞳孔散大及术后抗炎作用疗效。胡机分组（佳贝组、欧可芬组和对照组）研究８６名白内障患者术前应用两种药物后,白内障术中瞳孔大小的改变以及对卡米可林（氨甲酰胆碱,Ｃａｒｂａｃｏｌ）缩瞳作用的影响;以地塞米松滴眼液为对照,研究应用两种滴眼液对术后角膜后ＫＰ和房水混浊度的影响,以及对术眼眼压的影响。结果：与对照组相比,佳贝和欧可芬都能有效抑制术中的瞳孔缩小（Ｐ〈０