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1.
Kayode Olayinka Afolabi Benson Chuks Iweriebor Chikwelu Lawrence Obi Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh 《Transboundary and Emerging Diseases》2019,66(1):412-421
The porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a swine infectious viral pathogen of great significance in global swine herds. It was recently detected at another Province of South Africa sequel to the first detection of North American‐like strain (PCV2a) at Gauteng about two decades ago, but there is a dearth of information about the genomic features and diversity of the viral strains in circulation within the country and the entire sub‐Saharan Africa region. To date, only one complete genome of the virus from South Africa is available on global data base. This current effort is therefore geared towards the full‐genome characterization of the circulating PCV2 strains in the pigs of Eastern Cape Province. With the use of conventional polymerase chain reaction method, fifteen complete PCV2 genomes were successfully amplified, sequenced and assembled from field samples obtained from non‐vaccinated pigs in the region. Neighbor Joining and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the ORF2 gene and full genomes unanimously showed that most of the assembled genomes (11) belong to genotype PCV2b. Furthermore, three of the characterized sequences formed clade with other reference mutant PCV2b and PCV2b subtype 1C (i.e. PCV2d) strains from the USA, China and South Korea. The last sequence, however, clustered with other reference strains belonging to PCV2 intermediate clade 2 (PCV2‐IM2), recently identified in a global PCV2 strains phylogenetic analysis. This study reports the first complete genome sequences of PCV2b, PCV2d and PCV2‐IM2 in pigs from South Africa, and it gives a possible insight into the genetic characteristics and variability of the viral strains presently in circulation within the country. It further emphasizes the need for more stringent measures in curtailing the introduction and spread of transboundary swine pathogens in the country and entire Southern African region. 相似文献
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Olayinka Oyewale Ajani 《Archiv der Pharmazie》2012,345(11):841-851
1,4‐Benzothiazines are known to represent a class of medicinally important heterocyclic compounds which are extensively used in drug design. They have wide biological properties which qualify them as excellent scaffolds in therapeutic and medicinal research. Thus, many derivatives of this compound have been synthesized as target structures in novel drug development. Hence, the motivation for this present review was the known widespread application of the 1,4‐benzothiazine scaffolds. 相似文献
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Olayinka Afolabi‐Brown M.D. Christian Witzke M.D. Raul Moldovan M.D. Gregg Pressman M.D. 《Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)》2014,31(2):E52-E54
Anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly that has an incidence of 0.002%. We report a case of a previously healthy female who presented to our hospital with pneumonia and was incidentally discovered to have ARCAPA. This was initially diagnosed on echocardiography by the unusual echocardiographic finding of multiple color flow Doppler signals around the right ventricular free wall and apex which were subsequently confirmed by angiography to be due to extensive collateral circulation between the left and right coronary arteries. This represents an unusual echocardiographic manifestation of this very rare condition. 相似文献
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Olayinka O. Shiyanbola Elizabeth Unni Yen-Ming Huang Cameron Lanier 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2018,14(9):824-830
Background
Beliefs in medications and illness perceptions is associated with medication adherence among individuals with diabetes and several adherence interventions focus on patients' beliefs in medicines and illnesses. Though health literacy is important in medication adherence, the relationship between health literacy and medication adherence remains inconclusive; thus raising the question as to whether health literacy has an amplifying or reducing effect on the relationship between beliefs and adherence.Objective
The study examined (1) the association between health literacy, beliefs in medicines, illness perceptions, and medication adherence in individuals with type 2 diabetes and (2) the moderating effects of health literacy (including numeracy and document literacy) on the relationship between illness perceptions, beliefs in medicines, and medication adherence.Methods
Adults ≥20 years taking oral diabetes medicines at two family medicine clinics, completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants were assessed on beliefs in medicines, illness perceptions, health literacy, self-efficacy, and medication adherence. Multiple linear regressions examined the effect of health literacy, beliefs and self-efficacy, and the moderator effect of health literacy in the relationship between beliefs and adherence.Results
Of the 174 participants, more than half were women (57.5%) and white (67.8%). There was a significant positive association between self-efficacy and adherence (β?=?0.486, p?<?.001), and a negative association between threatening illness perceptions and adherence (β?=??0.292, p?<?.001). Health literacy had a significant moderator effect on the relationship between adherence and concerns beliefs (β?=??0.156, p?=?.014) and threatening illness perceptions (β?=?0.196, p?=?.002). The concern beliefs - adherence association was only significant at marginal and adequate literacy levels. When health literacy was separated into numeracy and document literacy, only numeracy moderated the illness perceptions - adherence relationship (β?=?0.149, p?=?.038).Conclusions
Health literacy, especially numeracy, needs to be initially addressed before diabetes adherence interventions that address individual concerns about medicines and threatening illness perceptions can work. 相似文献10.
S. F. Abimbade S. Olaniyi O. A. Ajala M. O. Ibrahim 《Optimal control applications & methods.》2020,41(6):2349-2368
A new mathematical model of tuberculosis (TB) featuring exogenous re-infection and incomplete treatment is presented and analyzed. The model divides total population into susceptible, latently infected, actively infected (uninformed and enlightened), and treatment classes. The model with or without incomplete treatment exhibits backward bifurcation phenomenon, which is caused by the presence of exogenous re-infection. However, further investigation reveals that the absence of incomplete treatment has the potential to reduce the backward bifurcation range significantly. The global dynamics of the TB model without exogenous re-infection is completely determined by the basic reproduction number under certain modifications on parameters. Furthermore, the model is extended to include three time-dependent control functions, such as public awareness campaign, treatment effort, and preventive control against incomplete treatment. The existence of the optimal control for the nonautonomous model is proven and the three controls are characterized using Pontryagin's maximum principle. Numerical simulations are performed to show the significance of singular implementation of each of the controls and combination of the three controls in minimizing the TB burden in the population. 相似文献