Effects of the Clearing the Lung and Dissipating Phlegm Method in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and to provide evidence for the treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: Literature was searched from the United States National Library of Medicine(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database(Wanfang), and the Full?Text Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals(VIP).A comprehensive collection was made of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) before June 2018, in which the treatment groups used either the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm formulas only or combined it with routine Western medicine therapy, and the control group adopted routine Western medicine therapy only for the acute exacerbation of COPD. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The data were analyzed and retrieved independently by two reviewers before meta?analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the primary outcome measures, including the total clinical effective rate, and the secondary outcome measures such as the pulmonary function(forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the 1 s [FEV1], percentage of FEV1 [FEV1%], and FEV1/FVC)and blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2). Results: A total of 13 RCTs involving 990 patients(496 in the treatment group and 494 in the control group)were included in this study. Meta?analysis revealed significant difference in the efficacy of the group that adopted solely the routine Western medicine method and the group that combined the Western medicine with the clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method. Outcome measures including the pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC) and the blood gases(PaO_2 and PaCo_2) were significantly improved as compared to the control group(P 0.00001). However, adverse effects in the treatment group using combined traditional Chinese medicine were not reported due to the short observation time of the study. Conclusion: The clearing the lung and dissipating phlegm method can improve the efficacy in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, the outcome measures of the pulmonary function and the blood gases,as well as the life quality of the patients. However, due to the fact that the existing studies are generally of poor quality in which randomization and its implementation were not properly carried out, more high?quality RCTs are necessary to confirm the findings of this study.     

Simultaneous Determination of Six Compounds in Rat Plasma by Ultra‑Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application in the Pharmacokinetic Study of Qing Gan‑Shu Yu‑Fang

A rapid and high selective ultra?performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of six compounds including albiflorin, paeoniflorin, picroside I, picroside II, saikosaponin A, and saikosaponin D in rat plasma was developed and validated using butyl p-hydroxybenzoate as an internal standard. One-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used to extract the compounds from the rat plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, using gradient mode containing 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile were used as the Mobile phase A and B. Electrospray ionization in negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantify active components. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9908) over a wide concentration range for all compounds. The intra- and interday precision (relative standard deviation) ranged 2.4%–7.0% and 2.6%–8.0%, respectively. The accuracy (relative error) was from ?13.0% to 13.2% at all quality control levels. The recovery ranged from 81.1% to 92.5%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of Qing Gan?Shu Yu?Fang. The results show that one can draw a conclusion that these six active ingredients can be quickly absorbed and play a pharmacodynamic role rapidly in vivo.     

Sustained release of exosomes loaded into polydopamine-modified chitin conduits promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rats

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are of therapeutic interest because of their important role in intracellular communication and biological regulation.On the basis of previously studied nerve conduits,we designed a polydopamine-modified chitin conduit loaded with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes that release the exosomes in a sustained and stable manner.In vitro experiments revealed that rat mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhanced Schwann cell proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic and growth factors,increased the expression of Jun and Sox2 genes,decreased the expression of Mbp and Krox20 genes in Schwann cells,and reprogrammed Schwann cells to a repair phenotype.Furthermore,mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promoted neurite growth of dorsal root ganglia.The polydopamine-modified chitin conduits loaded with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were used to bridge 2 mm rat sciatic nerve defects.Sustained release of exosomes greatly accelerated nerve healing and improved nerve function.These findings confirm that sustained release of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded into polydopamine-modified chitin conduits promotes the functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.     

低剂量CT三维重建在儿童腺样体肥大所致上气道顺应性改变评估中的应用

目的 研究低剂量CT三维重建技术对儿童腺样体肥大所致上气道顺应性改变的客观评估价值.方法 随机选取2014年9月—2015年6月该院收治的30例腺样体肥大患儿为观察组,以同期于该院进行健康体检的30例腺样体正常儿童为对照组.观察组患儿行CT低剂量扫描与症状计分表调查,并与对照组儿童的CT低剂量扫描后三维测量指标进行比较.结果观察组单位鼻咽腔的容积(rNPV)与鼻咽气道最狭窄处面积(rNPA)比值均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且rNPA与症状严重程度呈负相关;rNPV与症状严重程度两者之间不存在相关关系.结论 使用低剂量CT三维重建技术可对腺样体肥大所导致的儿童上气道顺应性改变进行客观评估,值得临床推广.     

合欢皮鉴别要点

鉴别要点药材鉴别要点合欢皮药材呈卷曲状或半筒状,长40~80 cm,厚0.1~03 cm,外表面灰棕色至灰褐色,稍有纵皱纹,有的呈浅裂纹,密生明显的椭圆形横向皮孔,棕色或棕红色,偶有突起的横棱或较大的圆形枝痕,常附有地衣斑;内表面淡黄棕色或黄白色,平滑,有细密纵纹。质硬而脆,易折断。断面呈纤维性片状,淡黄棕色至黄白色。气微香,味淡,微涩,稍刺舌,而后喉头有不适感。     

不同血液透析方法治疗心肾综合征临床疗效比较

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨心肾综合征（CRS）治疗中不同血液透析方法的应用价值。 方法：选取 2017 年 6 月至 2019 年 6 月 四会市人民医院收治的 102 例Ⅳ型 CRS 患者为研究对象，回顾分析其临床资料，抽取 25 例为 A 组给予间断性血液透析， 24 例为 B 组给予连续性静脉 – 静脉血液滤过，26 例为 C 组给予缓慢连续超滤，27 例为 D 组给予单纯超滤，比较四组患 者治疗情况。 结果：治疗后，B 组的尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、B 型利钠肽（BNP）及血钙均优于治疗前与其他 组，差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）；相较于其他组，B 组的病死率最低、治疗总有效率最高，差异均有统计学意义 （P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：CRS 患者选用连续性静脉 – 静脉血液滤过的疗效显著。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝流行状况与危险因素

目的探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)流行状况和危险因素分析。方法选取2011年12月至2017年5月在武汉大学中南医院内分泌科住院的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者1 259例,一项单中心横断面研究。根据是否NAFLD分为单纯T2DM组和T2DM并NAFLD组,分析NAFLD流行状况,二项Logistic回归分析T2DM合并NAFLD的危险因素。结果共纳入1 259例,T2DM并NAFLD为774例,患病率为61. 48%;亚组分析,糖尿病病程1年,1≤且5年,5≤且10年,≥10年NAFLD患病率分别为67. 21%、64. 40%、63. 60%、54. 52%;青年组、中年组、老年组NAFLD患病率分别为76. 5%、64. 5%、56. 7%;正常体重、超重、肥胖NAFLD患病率分别为42. 44%、68. 74%、83. 27%;有血脂异常、无血脂异常NAFLD患病率分别为67. 01%、42. 66%。Logistic回归分析显示,校正混杂因素后,BMI、ALT、TG、2h血糖是T2DM并NAFLD的独立危险因素,糖尿病病程是其保护性因素(P 0. 05)。结论 T2DM并NAFLD患病率较高,BMI、ALT、TG、2h血糖是T2DM并NAFLD的独立危险因素,糖尿病病程是其保护性因素。