高学历产妇对母婴护理知识技能需求的调查研究

目的 :了解高学历产妇对母婴护理知识技能教育内容及方式的需求,提高健康教育的效果。方法 :采用自设的母婴护理技能教育需求问卷,对本院产科本科及以上学历的住院产妇169例进行问卷调查。结果:其教育需求依次为新生儿护理、产褥期保健、母乳喂养,需求率分别为95.86%、91.12%、84.62%;经产妇对新生儿护理知识、保持足够母乳和个人卫生的需求率均明显高于初产妇(P<0.05);构成新生儿护理技能需求前三位的是脐部臀部护理、沐浴、游泳抚触;母乳喂养需求前三位的是喂养体位及技巧、奶胀挤奶、是否吃饱;产褥期保健需求前三位的是饮食指导、锻炼指导、个人卫生;教育方式需求前三位的是教育宣传手册、VCD视频片、专业网站。结论:采用适合的健康教育方式,将新生儿沐浴、母乳喂养技巧及产褥期饮食指导作为高学历产妇教育重点,以满足其对母婴护理技能教育的需求。     

四氢大麻酚镇痛及加强电针镇痛的实验研究

本工作拟观察四氢大麻酚(△9-THC)与针刺联合应用的镇痛作用，能否既减少前的用量，避免剧烈的降低血压等付反应，又可以加强镇痛，延长镇痛时间，并对四氢大麻酚加强电针镇痛的机制，作初步的探讨。     

Influence of hip-preservation surgeries on subsequent total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head北大核心

BACKGROUND: Hip-preservation surgery is an important method for the treatment of young patients with early femoral head necrosis. However, there are many types of hip-preservation surgery, and all kinds of hip-preservation surgery have their own limitations and inevitable failure rate. Some patients received poor results after hip-preservation surgery, and had to undergo total hip arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on the influence of various hip-preservation surgeries on subsequent total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: Databases of Embase, CNKI and PubMed were searched with the key words of “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, hip-preservation surgery, core decompression, bone grafting, osteotomy, porous tantalum implantation, hip resurfacing arthroplasty” in Chinese and English, respectively. By reading the titles and abstracts, repetitive studies and low-quality or irrelevant articles were excluded. Finally, 58 articles were included for reviewing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, the clinical application of hip-preservation surgery mainly includes core decompression, non-vascularized bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting, osteotomy, tantalum rod implantation and other categories, and different hip-preservation surgeries have their own characteristics and different influences on subsequent total hip arthroplasty. (2) As a “minimally invasive” operation, simple core decompression has little impact on subsequent total hip arthroplasty, but it may change the bone structure in the intertrochanteric region and increase the risk of intraoperative fracture in total hip arthroplasty. (3) Residual bone graft materials (especially fibula graft) in bone grafting affected the opening and expansion of medullary cavity and placement of femoral stem prosthesis during total hip arthroplasty. Vascularized bone grafting (especially musculoskeletal flap graft) increased the trauma of soft tissue, which was not conducive to the functional recovery of hip joint after total hip arthroplasty. (4) Osteotomy has the greatest influence on subsequent total hip arthroplasty, because it causes greater local soft tissue trauma and femoral deformity. Total hip arthroplasty after osteotomy is relatively difficult, and compared with other hip-preservation surgeries, osteotomy has disadvantages based on its influence on subsequent total hip arthroplasty. (5) There is a problem that the removal of tantalum rod implants increases the difficulty of total hip arthroplasty in the follow-up, and although the study found that the residual tantalum fragments did not increase the linear wear rate of the prosthesis in the short term, we still need to pay attention to the long-term effects of residual tantalum fragments. (6) Although all types of hip-preservation surgeries increase the difficulty of subsequent total hip arthroplasty to a certain extent, literature reports are generally positive. There is no literature report that previous hip-preservation surgery is not conducive to the prosthesis survival rate and hip function score after subsequent total hip arthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty can still be used as a reliable treatment after hip preservation failure. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

黄枫治疗腰痛用药规律的数据挖掘

利用数据挖掘方法分析黄枫教授治疗腰痛的用药规律。【方法】收集并筛选黄枫教授门诊治疗腰痛的有效病例 的病案资料。采用Microsoft Excel 2019对纳入的处方药物进行用药频次及性味归经分布的分析,采用IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 进行关联规则分析,采用IBM Statistics 26.0进行聚类分析。【结果】共纳入239首处方,涉及75味中药。使用频次≥20次的高 频中药有23味,居前10位的中药为甘草、醋延胡索、狗脊、白术、两面针、盐牛膝、生地黄、续断、薏苡仁、丹参。药性 分布以温性药物占比最高,药味分布以甘、苦、辛为主,归经以归肝、胃、脾经为主。关联规则分析得到的支持度居前 20位的药物组合中,醋延胡索、狗脊、白术、两面针为核心药物。聚类分析得到6个聚类组合。【结论】黄枫教授治疗腰痛以 三因制宜、治病求本为原则,多采用活血行气止痛、滋补肝肾药物,兼顾益气健脾,其辨治腰痛的思路可为临床腰痛的治 疗提供参考。     

一种与Apple-Ⅱ联接的神经元放电检出器

中枢电生理实验中需要定量测定神经元放电变化,以研究中枢的活动。本文介绍使用Apple-Ⅱ微型计算机(微机)和一个窗口鉴别电路测量神经元放电的实时处理方法。 检出器设计原理 实验中放大的放电信号中除混杂着噪声外,还会有刺激信号及无须观察的放电信号等伪迹,窗口鉴别电路能正确地检测出所需的神经元放电脉冲。窗口电路的功能是按设定的窗口     

经阴道三维超声对宫角妊娠的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道三维超声在诊断宫角妊娠中的价值。方法回顾性分析79例经手术和病理证实的宫角妊娠患者的超声图像资料,总结宫角妊娠声像图特征并分析误诊原因。结果 79例宫角妊娠中,妊娠囊型50例、包块型29例;经阴道二维超声正确诊断54例(68.4%),误诊的25例中,误诊为输卵管间质部妊娠16例、滋养细胞疾病2例、宫旁或附件区包块7例。经阴道三维超声正确诊断66例(83.5%),误诊的13例中,误诊为输卵管间质部妊娠8例、子宫肌壁间妊娠1例、滋养细胞疾病1例、宫旁或附件区包块3例。结论经阴道三维超声成像能直观显示宫体形态、宫腔全貌及宫角部位的空间关系,有效提高宫角妊娠早期诊断准确率,对改善宫角妊娠预后及选择治疗方案有重要意义。     

联合护理干预对产后初次排尿的影响

目的探讨联合护理干预对产后初次排尿的影响。方法以2015年3~8月在福建省妇幼保健院产科分娩的产妇为实验组(204例),2014年8月至2015年2月分娩的产妇为对照组(196例)。对两组产妇0~6h排尿率、眩晕、晕厥和导尿发生率等指标进行比较。分析联合护理干预对产后初次排尿的影响。结果实验组产后3~5h排尿率高于对照组,眩晕发生率8.3%低于对照组(19.4%),无晕厥病例,对照组的晕厥发生率为1.5%。结论联合护理干预可提前产后初次顺利排尿时间,减少产妇眩晕的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

新生儿3种喂药方式的应用效果比较

口服给药是最常用、最方便又相对安全的给药方法,药物经口服后经胃肠道吸收进入血液循环,从而达到局部及全身治疗的目的[1].新生儿因黄疸问题需口服退黄合剂时,因退黄合剂属中药制剂,味苦、量大(每次5 mL),而新生儿因为年龄小、不配合等原因,易发生溢药、呕吐及呛咳,造成剂量不准,喂药困难.笔者对3种喂药方式的应用效果进行比较,以寻求更好的新生儿喂药方式.     

刺激尾核对大鼠束旁核伤害性神经元的抑制作用

近年来研究证实尾核参与针刺镇痛，其作用系部分通过内阿片肽而实现。本工作观察刺激尾核对束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制及内阿片肽在其中的可能作用。