Rural–urban disparities in knowledge,behaviors, and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic: A community-based cross-sectional survey

To examine the knowledge level, behaviors, and psychological status of the Chinese population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the differences between urban and rural areas.We carried out a cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, behaviors related to COVID-19, and mental health in a probability sample of 3001 community residents in 30 provinces or districts across China from February 16–23, 2020. Convenience sampling and a snowball sampling were adopted. We used General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and knowledge and behaviors questionnaire of community residents regarding COVID-19 designed by us to investigate the psychological status, disease-related knowledge, and the behavior of Chinese urban and rural residents during the pandemic.The average score of anxiety and depression among urban residents was 9.15 and 11.25, respectively, while the figures in rural areas were 8.69 and 10.57, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of anxiety (P < .01) and depression (P < .01). Urban participants reported significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding COVID-19 in all aspects (transmission, prevention measures, symptoms of infection, treatment, and prognosis) (P < .01), compared to their rural counterparts. While a majority of respondents in urban areas obtained knowledge through WeChat, other apps, and the Internet (P < .01), residents in rural areas accessed information through interactions with the community (P < .01). Urban residents fared well in exchanging knowledge about COVID-19 and advising others to take preventive measures (P < .01), but fared poorly in advising people to visit a hospital if they displayed symptoms of the disease, compared to rural residents (P < .01). Regression analysis with behavior showed that being female (OR = 2.106, 95%CI = 1.259–3.522), aged 18 ≤ age < 65 (OR = 4.059, 95%CI = 2.166–7.607), being satisfied with the precautions taken by the community (OR = 2.594, 95%CI = 1.485–4.530), disinfecting public facilities in the community (OR = 2.342, 95%CI = 1.206–4.547), having knowledge of transmission modes (OR = 3.987, 95%CI: 2.039, 7.798), symptoms (OR = 2.045, 95%CI = 1.054–4.003), and outcomes (OR = 2.740, 95%CI = 1.513–4.962) of COVID-19, and not having anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.578, 95%CI = 1.127–5.901) were positively associated with affirmative behavior in urban areas. Being married (OR = 4.960, 95%CI = 2.608–9.434), being satisfied with the precautions taken by the community (OR = 2.484, 95%CI = 1.315–4.691), screening to ensure face mask wearing before entering the community (OR = 8.809, 95%CI = 2.649–19.294), and having knowledge about precautions (OR = 4.886, 95%CI = 2.604–9.167) and outcomes (OR = 2.657, 95%CI = 1.309–5.391) were positively associated with acceptable conduct in rural areas.The status of anxiety and depression among urban residents was more severe compared to those living in rural areas. There was a difference in being positively associated with constructive behaviors between rural and urban areas.     

对高等教育大众化背景下中医药高等院校专业建设问题的思考

中医药高等院校专业建设应随着社会的进步发展和社会的需求而不断拓宽、延伸其专业领域，本文从中医药高校的专业延伸的必要性、建设原则以及专业延伸的思路等三个方面对中医药高等院校的专业建设工作提出了几点思考。     

Complications Related to Dapsone Use for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Prophylaxis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Dapsone, used for prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii infections, has been reported to cause hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia; its tolerability in solid organ transplant recipients is not well described. We investigated dapsone-related adverse events in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation from 1999 to 2004. Transplant providers identified patients for the investigators who then reviewed the patients' hospital and outpatient records. Sixteen solid organ transplant recipients fit case definitions for dapsone-related hemolytic anemia (n = 11) or methemoglobinemia (n = 5). Median time from event to dapsone discontinuation was 15 days; all patients improved after drug discontinuation. G6PD enzyme activity was normal in all patients whose test results were available. Dapsone may be associated with hemolytic anemia or methemoglobinemia, even with normal G6PD levels. These events are often not promptly recognized, and drug discontinuation is delayed. Dapsone-related hemolytic anemia or methemoglobinemia should be considered in solid organ transplant recipients with unexplained anemia or hypoxia.     

Kv1 channels selectively prevent dendritic hyperexcitability in rat Purkinje cells

Purkinje cells, the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, encode the timing signals required for motor coordination in their firing rate and activity pattern. Dendrites of Purkinje cells express a high density of P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels and fire dendritic calcium spikes. Here we show that dendritic subthreshold Kv1.2 subunit-containing Kv1 potassium channels prevent generation of random spontaneous calcium spikes. With Kv1 channels blocked, dendritic calcium spikes drive bursts of somatic sodium spikes and prevent the cell from faithfully encoding motor timing signals. The selective dendritic function of Kv1 channels in Purkinje cells allows them to effectively suppress dendritic hyperexcitability without hindering the generation of somatic action potentials. Further, we show that Kv1 channels also contribute to dendritic integration of parallel fibre synaptic input. Kv1 channels are often targeted to soma and axon and the data presented support a major dendritic function for these channels.     

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces aggressivity of mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with neuroendocrine component: An immunohistochemistry study

Background

Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are rare tumors that are usually diagnosed in females.

探讨文明创建对医院发展的作用

“全国文明单位”称号是国家综合评比一个单位精神文明建设成果的最高褒奖。良好的医院形象是提升医院综合实力、增强其竞争力的重要手段。医院每年制定文明创造重点,明确文明创造的目标、任务和重点,将文明创造工作与业务工作结合起来进行规划、实施、考核和奖惩。医院设有精神文明建设领导小组和办公室,隶属党办,负责精神文明建设的日常协调和指导工作。文明永无止境。文明创造是一项系统工作,它整合全院资源,整合党、工团、妇委会等各种力量,“青年文明号”“巾帼文明岗”不断树立品牌支持创建工作。医院积极营造“文明单位、共建共享、全员参与、人人受益”的良好氛围。文明建设扎实推进,医院建设更加健康有序。结合福建省肿瘤医院连续三届获评“全国文明单位”的创建经验,从医院人员素质、中心工作、社会责任、文化、决策和环境等方面入手,阐述医院文明创建对医院发展的作用。     

益气养阴通络方联合康复训练治疗气阴两虚型帕金森病临床研究

目的：观察自拟益气养阴通络方联合康复训练治疗气阴两虚型帕金森病（PD）的临床疗效。方法：将120例PD患者纳入研究,按随机奇偶数法分为对照组和治疗组各60例。对照组给予多巴丝肼片治疗,治疗组采用益气养阴通络方联合康复训练治疗。治疗3个月后评定2组临床疗效、颤证功能障碍积分、自主神经症状自评量表（SCOPA-AUT）评分、PD运动功能量表（MDRSPD）评分及血清神经营养因子[脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、胰岛素样生长因子1 (IGF-1)、人神经营养因子3 (NT-3)]水平。结果：治疗组总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组80.00%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗前,2组颤证功能障碍积分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,2组颤证功能障碍积分均较治疗前降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组颤证功能障碍积分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗前,2组SCOPA-AUT、MDRSPD评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,2组上述2项评分较治疗前明显降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组2项评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）...     

胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效分析

目的探讨内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧骨关节炎的临床疗效。 方法选取2016年1月至2019年2月于暨南大学附属第一医院骨关节科诊断为膝内侧骨关节炎并行内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术的患者56例(64膝)。纳入标准：膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎;合并胫骨侧内翻畸形。排除标准：炎症性、感染性关节炎;多间室的关节退变;膝关节活动度<90°;屈曲畸形>10°。采用HSS评分、VAS评分,评价手术前后膝关节功能和疼痛的改善情况,通过测量胫股角(FTA)、胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA)、胫骨内翻角(KVA)、下肢负重线比率(WBL),评价术后膝内翻的矫正效果。各时间点评分及测量值采用重复测量方差分析,各时间点间比较采用WSC检验,两两比较采用LSD检验。 结果术后切口均获Ⅰ期愈合。5例出现截骨旋转轴无移位骨折,推迟负重后愈合;10例出现明显的小腿肿胀、皮下瘀斑,对症处理后缓解。所有患者均获随访,平均随访(15±3)个月。随访中未见内固定失败、骨延迟愈合或不愈合。术后3、6、12个月随访时,患者HSS评分较术前均明显增高(F＝312.7,P<0.05);VAS评分与术前相较均降低(F＝185.6,P<0.05)。影像学检查指标中,术后FTA(t＝3.2)、MPTA(t＝6.3)、KVA(t＝5.8)及WBL(t＝2.7)均获得改善,与术前比较,内翻畸形获得矫正(均P<0.05)。 结论内侧开放式胫骨高位截骨术通过矫正下肢力线,缓解关节疼痛、改善关节功能,对于合并胫骨内翻的膝骨关节炎有较好疗效。