Biapenem versus imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections: report from a Swedish Study Group

The objective of this study is to describe usual medical management and costs associated with recurrent respiratory infections in subjects with chronic obstructive bronchitis in France. A prospective survey was performed in Autumn 1994 on a national sample of private practice pulmonologists (N = 71). Two hundred forty-four patients, presenting at least one infection of the lower respiratory tract, were included. Bronchitis was the most frequent acute exacerbation observed (94%). Pneumonia concerned 9% of the patients. Biological tests, X-rays and pulmonary function tests were prescribed for, respectively, 59, 65 and 45% of the patients. Following the visit, 15 patients were hospitalized (6%). The direct medical cost per acute exacerbation was estimated 3,289 francs (1994 value) of which 60% were hospital-related. An average 10.4 day sick-leave was prescribed to 21% of patients in employment. For those patients, this sick-leave was associated to an extra-cost of 1,264-1,876 francs for Social Security and of 0-2,553 francs out of pocket per episode varying according to their Benefit Regimen.     

Methods for the determination of cyclopropenoid fatty acids. VII. The dilution-HBr-titration technique as a general method

The stepwise HBr titration method for the cyclopropenoid analysis of cottonseed oils is subject to serious inaccuracies when applied to samples containing higher cyclopropenoid concentrations, particularly if they contain appreciable amounts of alumina-adsorbable materials. A modification of the method is described which eliminates these sources of error. Its validity has been established by the analysis of a wide range of synthetic compositions including compositions containing massive amounts of interfering HBr-reactive substances and other alumina-adsorbable materials. The method with further modification can be used to analyze glycerides with the same high degree of accuracy. Presented at the AOCS Meeting in Houston, April 1965. So. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Preparation and characterization of a number of amine salts of long-chain fatty acids

Summary Eighty-eight amine salts of long-chain fatty acids have been prepared, purified by solvent crystallization, and characterized. Forty-five of these were salts of palmitic acid. The rest included salts of capric, lauric, myristic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, and 12-hydroxystearic acids. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines, including primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, were investigated. The majority of these gave 1∶1 acid-amine compounds on solvent recrystallization of an equimolar mixture of acid and amine. Some of the amines gave no crystallizable salt, and with others the pure salt could not be obtained by this procedure. Under the same conditions the symmetrical alkyl, substituted alkyl, and aralkyl secondary amines investigated gave crystallizable compounds containg two molecules of fatty acid to one of amine. Molecular compounds of 2-aminopyridine with four molecules of saturated fatty acid were formed by recrystallization starting with a 1 to 4 amine-acid mixture. Surface-tension measurements were made for aqueous solutions of a few of the amine salts. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Fatty acid morpholides as plasticizers for vinyl chloride resins. III. Ternary compatibility-composition diagrams for the oleic-linoleic-stearic and oleic-linoleic-palmitic systems

A systematic investigation has been made of the effect of fatty acid composition on the compatibility of the corresponding mixed morpholides as plasticizers for vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resins. Plasticizer evaluation data were obtained for the morpholides of lauric, palmitic, elaidic, and epoxyoleic acids and compared with the literature values for other fatty acid morpholides and morpholide mixtures. Ternary compatibility-composition diagrams have been constructured for the oleic-linoleic-stearic and the oleic-linoleic-palmitic morpholide systems. These diagrams make it possible to predict what adjustment, if any, must be made in the composition of any mixture of these fatty acids so that the corresponding morpholide mixture will be compatible. The diagrams will be useful in selecting the most appropriate and economical fatty acid sources from which to make compatible morpholide mixtures. Presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, St. Louis, Mo., May 1–3, 1961. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

Methods for the determination of cyclopropenoid fatty acids. VI. A direct infrared absorption method

A simple rapid method for the estimation of the cyclopropenoid content of glycerides and methyl esters is described based upon the measurement of the characteristic infrared absorptivity of cyclopropenoids at 9.9 μ. Autoxidation products do not interfere, and the sample can be recovered. Equations are given for the calculation of the cyclopropenoid content of both glycerides and methyl esters. One of the laboratories of the So. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div. ARS, USDA.     

Methods for the determination of cyclopropenoid fatty acids. II. A stepwise hydrogen bromide titration method for cyclopropenid and epoxy derivatives

A rapid titration method is described for the quantitative determination of both cyclopropenoid and epoxy fatty acid derivatives in mixtures. It was found that epoxy compounds can be titrated selectively with Durbetaki reagent at 3C without interference from cyclopropenoid derivatives. Cyclopropenoid derivatives can be titrated much more rapidly to a much sharper end point a 55C that at room temperature. Thus mixtures can be analyzed by first titrating at 3C to determine the epoxy compounds and then continuing the titration at 55C to determine the cyclopropenoid components. A laboratory of the So. Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, U.S.D.A.     

Freezing point behavior of the ternary reciprocal salt pair system involving the morpholine and 2,2′-dipyridylamine salts of stearic and palmitic acids

Binary and quasi-binary freezing point data have been obtained to establish the freezing point diagram for the ternary reciprocal salt pair system, involving the morpholine and 2,2′-dipyridylamine salts of stearic and palmitic acids. The diagram shows that there are six crystallization surfaces representing equilibrium with crystals of MS, MP, DS, DP, DS·DP, and MS·DP. The compositions and primary freezing points of the six peritectic and five eutectic mixtures have been determined. From the diagram it is possible to predict for any molten mixture of these four salts under equilibrium conditions the temperature at which crystals of each component will appear on cooling, the yields of these crystals and the composition of the liquid phase at various temperatures, and the temperature at which maximum yields of crystals of the specific salts can be obtained. Presented at AOCS meeting in New Orleans, La., May 7–9. 1962. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S.D.A.     

Distributed non-negative matrix factorization with determination of the number of latent features

The Journal of Supercomputing - The holistic analysis and understanding of the latent (that is, not directly observable) variables and patterns buried in large datasets is crucial for data-driven...     

Phase equilibrium data pertaining to the extraction of cottonseed oil with ethanol and 2-propanol

Summary Basic phase relation data have been obtained relative to the extraction of cottonseed oil with ethanol and 2-propanol, especially as affected by water in the solvent. Mutual solubility diagrams have been constructed for cottonseed oil with ethanol and 2-propanol of various aqueous concentrations. Tie-line data at 30° C. have been obtained for the ternary ethanol-cotton-seed oil-water and 2-propanol-cottonseed oil-water systems. These combined data will be of assistance in the selection of the most desirable temperatures and moisture concentrations in the solvent extraction of cottonseed with these alcohols. Comparison with results previously published for soybean oil suggests that the mutual solubility data for cottonseed oil and aqueous ethanols are applicable to other vegetable oils over a wide range of iodine values. In general, the results indicate that 2-propanol is the more desirable solvent since complete miscibility with the oil can be attained at temperatures below its normal boiling point even at moisture contents as high as 10% by weight whereas ethanol can tolerate only about 1.5% of water. High moisture contents result in more effective separation of the oil from the solvent when the miscella is cooled after extraction. Constant boiling aqueous ethanol and 2-propanol present the disadvantage of requiring greater than atmospheric pressure during extraction in order to attain complete miscibility with the oil. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.