Polyhydroxy propionate-co-hydroxy dodecanoate-co-hydroxy octadecanoate for in vitro cell culture

This study is novel to report the utilization of molasses for the production of polyhydroxy propionate-co-hydroxy dodecanoate-co-hydroxy octadecanoate from Pseudomonas sp. LDC-5 as prospective biomaterial. Thermal analysis revealed its potential for thermal permanence and melt processing. 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on these different scaffolds and their proliferation was compared. Giemsa and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining revealed that there was no distinct change in morphology. Polyhydroxyalkanoate:poly ethylene glycol blend was found to be the most promising for extracellular matrix secretion, a key thrust function of 3D culture. Lactate dehydrogenase assay indicated the membrane integrity. DNA fragmentation analysis showed that the scaffold did not damage DNA. Thus the prepared scaffold can serve as a promising biomaterial.     

Nitrites Derived From Foneiculum Vulgare (Fennel) Seeds Promotes Vascular Functions

Abstract: Recent evidence has demonstrated that nitrites play an important role in the cardiovascular system. Fennel (Foneiculum vulgare) seeds are often used as mouth fresheners after a meal in both the Indian sub‐continent and around the world. The present study aims to quantify the nitrite and nitrates in fennel seeds as well as elucidating the effect of fennel derived‐nitrites on vascular functions. Results from our study show that fennel seeds contain significantly higher amount of nitrites when compared to other commonly used post‐meal seeds. Furthermore our study confirmed the functional effects of fennel derived‐nitrites using in vitro and ex vivo models that describe the promotion of angiogenesis, cell migration, and vasorelaxation. We also showed that chewing fennel seeds enhanced nitrite content of saliva. Thus our study indicates the potential role of fennel derived‐nitrites on the vascular system. Practical Application: This study is focused on determining the effect of fennel‐derived nitrites on angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing ones), cell migration, and vasorelaxation (dilation of blood vessels) thereby preserving cardiovascular health.     

Synthesis and characterisation of CuS nanomaterials using hydrothermal route

Copper sulphide (CuS) nanomaterials with interesting morphology were synthesised using copper nitrate trihydrate, thiourea and water as a solvent by a simple hydrothermal route. A systematic investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of reaction time (5, 16 and 24?h) at 150°C on the morphology of the materials. Without the use of any template or additives, shape controlled synthesis of CuS nanocrystallites were achieved. The possible mechanism for the formation of the various nanostructures of CuS in this system is discussed. The prepared materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and DRS-UV–Vis absorption analysis. The UV–Vis spectrum shows that it is the promising material which can absorb in the visible region and hence could be used for photocatalytic applications. In addition, the electrochemical characteristic of the synthesised material was investigated by cyclic voltammetric analysis, which shows that CuS could be used for electrocatalytic applications.     

Review of Nanobiopolymers for Controlled Drug Delivery

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have attracted attention as potential drug delivery devices due to its bioavailability, biocompatibility, encapsulation, controlled drug release and in drug targeting to organs/tissues, as carriers of DNA in gene therapy, deliver proteins, peptides and genes. Controlled release systems increases therapeutic activity reducing the number of drug administration. This review presents the most outstanding contributions in the field of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticulate systems including poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), polylactic acid, chitosan, gelatin, poly hydroxy alkaonates, poly caprolactone and poly alkyl cyanoacrylate used as drug delivery system, their synthesis, encapsulation process and drug release mechanisms.     

CdO nanoparticles,c‐MWCNT nanoparticles and CdO nanoparticles/c‐MWCNT nanocomposite fibres: in vitro assessment of anti‐proliferative and apoptotic studies in HeLa cancer cell line

A simple ultrasonic assisted chemical technique was used to synthesise cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) and CdO NPs/c‐Multiwalled carbon nanotube (c‐MWCNT) nanocomposite fibres.To confirm the physio‐chemico properties and to analyse surface morphology of the obtained nanomaterials X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were performed. To evaluate the anti‐cancer property of CdO NPs, c‐MWCNT NPs and CdO NPs/c‐MWCNT nanocomposite fibres, an anti‐proliferative assay test (Methylthiazolyl diphenyl‐ tetrazolium bromide ‐ MTT assay) were performed on HeLa cells which further estimated IC50 value (Least concentration of sample in which nearly 50% of cells remain alive) under in‐vitro conditions. On comparison, CdONPs/c‐MWCNT based system was found to be superior by achieving 52.3% cell viability with its minimal IC50 value of 31.2 μg/ml. Lastly, the CdO NPs based system was taken up for an apoptotic study using DNA fragmentation assay for estimating its ability to cleave the DNA of the HeLa cells into internucleosomal fragments using the agarose gel electrophoresis method. In conclusion, based on our observations, CdO NPs/c‐MWCNT hybrid based system can be further used for the development of efficient drug delivery and therapeutic systems.Inspec keywords: drug delivery systems, electrophoresis, oxidation, toxicology, DNA, nanoparticles, drugs, field emission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nanofabrication, surface morphology, cancer, X‐ray diffraction, nanomedicine, cellular biophysics, filled polymers, biomedical materials, molecular biophysics, biochemistry, Fourier transform infrared spectra, multi‐wall carbon nanotubesOther keywords: c‐MWCNT nanoparticles, apoptotic study, HeLa cancer cell line, cadmium oxide nanoparticles, c‐MWCNT NPs, anti‐proliferative assay test [methyl thiazolyl diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay], human epithelioid cervix carcinoma cells, live cells, CdO NP‐based system, IC50 concentration, HeLa cell line, cell deaths, CdO‐C     

Evaluating non-stick properties of different surface materials for contact frying

The paper describes, characterises and validates the construction of an experimental rig for making contact frying experiments under controlled conditions. The construction enables a controlled fouling of different coatings on steel and aluminium plate under realistic frying conditions, in order to evaluate non-stick and cleaning properties of the coatings. In accordance with industry standards pancake was selected as the food model for the non-stick properties. The performance of different frying surfaces (stainless steel, aluminium, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and three ceramic coatings with two different levels of smoothness) were tested at different frying temperatures and rated by a standardised rating procedure. The subjective rating assessment was validated by measuring the force of adhesion. The performances of the surfaces were reproducible and significantly different to be used for screening of new surface coatings for contact frying tested in frying experiments at the same temperature. In contrast, conventional testing in a convection oven could not distinguish between these surfaces. Comparative tests of the ceramic coatings showed that surface roughness had a distinct effect on their non-stick properties, so that the smoother surfaces gave a higher force of adhesion between pancake and surface.     

Artificial bee colony-based fuzzy c means (ABC-FCM) segmentation algorithm and dimensionality reduction for leaf disease detection in bioinformatics

The Journal of Supercomputing - The rapid increase in human population has necessitated a corresponding increase in agricultural production. The advancements made in the arena of genomics and...     

Non-linear radiation effects on magnetic/non-magnetic nanoparticles with different base fluids over a flat plate

This work investigates the two-dimensional steady convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer of Newtonian/non-Newtonian base fluids with magnetic/non-magnetic nanoparticles over a flat plate which incorporates non-linear thermal radiation and slip effects. We considered magnetite and aluminium oxide as magnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles suspending inside the two sorts of base fluids specifically Water and Sodium Alginate. For physical significance we analyzed the behavior on non-Newtonian profiles by employing Casson model individually. The particular intrigue lies in looking the impacts of non-linear thermal radiation on the behavior of the flow. The solution of wide class of boundary value problems are facilitated by the change of the partial differential equations administering the flow utilizing similarity transformations into ordinary differential equations. The ODE’s are numerically handled by applying fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme in association with shooting procedure. The novel results for the dimensionless velocity and temperature inside the boundary layer are exhibited graphically for various parameters that describe the flow. A graphical demonstration is given for the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number.     

Greener assembling of MoO3 nanoparticles supported on gum arabic: cytotoxic effects and catalytic efficacy towards reduction of p-nitrophenol

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - An economical and easy one-step method for the biosynthesis of highly stable molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoparticles was developed using gum arabic as...