Determining the error in reproducing continuous random signals by means of pulsed frequency transducers

Conclusions Owing to the application of the suggested parameters , , _ge, and m which characterize the PFM system, it is possible to approximate the error relationships by means of linear functions convenient for calculations. The suggested technique can be applied for determining modulation and restoration errors of voltage-to-frequency and frequency-to-code transducers for various signal distribution laws and correlation functions.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 25–26, June, 1976.     

Experimental investigations of a breadboard model of Hall thruster

Various breadboard models of Hall thrusters are analyzed with a view to optimizing the output parameters which characterize the degree of processing of the working medium and the energy efficiency of the device. It is demonstrated that the channel geometry with the magnetic field uniform along the channel affects only slightly the efficiency of acceleration of ion flow. In a number of working modes, the formation of accelerated ion flow is accompanied by the emergence of pulsations of discharge current, this leading to destructive processes of acceleration and formation of ion flow. The development of a breadboard model with a nonuniform magnetic field along the channel significantly decreasing in the direction of anode with cylindrical space makes possible the elimination of discharge current pulsations in a wide range of parameters. The increase in the density of the flow of working medium by a factor of 1.7 results in a 30% increase in the energy efficiency and provides for the working medium utilization factor of the order of 1.2.     

Dynamic thermal methods and microprocessing units for measuring the rates and properties of material flows

A multifunctional measurement system utilizing a noncontacting, thermal-tracer primary detector is described. It provides for the automatic acquisition of information on volumetric and mass flow rates and the properties of fluid flows.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 10–11, August, 1994.     

Methods and Tools for Developing Intelligent Systems for Solving Complex Real-Time Adaptive Resource Management Problems

Automation and Remote Control - We give the statement of the real-time adaptive enterprise resource management problem and provide examples of contemporary adaptive resource management problems in...     

Investigation of Nonself-Maintained Discharge in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields with Closed Hall Current

A nonself-maintained discharge in crossed fields with a closed Hall current is experimentally investigated. Argon and xenon are used as the working medium. The discharge gap is characterized by a magnetic field uniform along the channel, by the absence of an insulating coating on the channel walls, and by the delivery of the working medium uniform over the channel section through the porous end diaphragm of the anode. Measurements of current distributions over the structural elements are performed. It is shown that, in the presence of a self-incandescent compensator cathode supporting a nonself-maintained discharge, an intense flux of accelerated ions is created with a high recovery factor of the working medium with about 30 eV spent for ion formation and the energy efficiency exceeding 0.5.     

An Investigation of Spatial Distribution of Characteristics of a Plasma Stream Formed by a Hall Discharge in a Channel with Metal Walls

The effect of the system of delivery of the working medium on the characteristics of a plasma stream in a Hall accelerator with closed azimuthal current is experimentally investigated. The gas delivery system utilizes a porous diaphragm from a carbon–carbon composite material whose pore size is comparable with the Debye radius of the electrons of plasma formed in a discharge channel. The calorimetric method is used to determine the degree of azimuthal and radial nonuniformity of distribution of the energy of plasma stream developed by the accelerator, namely, the distribution of temperature of a titanium target mounted perpendicularly to the incident stream is taken with the aid of an infrared imager. The probe method is used to measure the spatial distribution of temperature and the concentration of charge-exchange plasma at the accelerator channel exit. It is shown that the ratio of the kinetic energy of the flow of heavy particles to the expended electric energy (energy efficiency) exceeds 0.5.