全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12606篇 |
免费 | 1037篇 |
国内免费 | 114篇 |
学科分类
工业技术 | 13757篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 242篇 |
2022年 | 391篇 |
2021年 | 752篇 |
2020年 | 699篇 |
2019年 | 857篇 |
2018年 | 995篇 |
2017年 | 896篇 |
2016年 | 917篇 |
2015年 | 548篇 |
2014年 | 883篇 |
2013年 | 1399篇 |
2012年 | 850篇 |
2011年 | 972篇 |
2010年 | 627篇 |
2009年 | 558篇 |
2008年 | 355篇 |
2007年 | 255篇 |
2006年 | 240篇 |
2005年 | 159篇 |
2004年 | 157篇 |
2003年 | 102篇 |
2002年 | 109篇 |
2001年 | 53篇 |
2000年 | 45篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 77篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 57篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 31篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Maryan Mohammad Moradinezhad Azhari Seyed Javad Amini-Valashani Majid 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2022,110(3):569-581
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing - A new circuit-level methodology called input controlled leakage restrainer transistor (ICLRT) compatible with single threshold CMOS technology is... 相似文献
2.
Hamid Ezzatpanah Vicente M. Gómez-López Tatiana Koutchma Farnoush Lavafpour Frank Moerman Mohammad Mohammadi Dele Raheem 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(2):904-941
Food- and waterborne viruses, such as human norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses, are major contributors to all foodborne illnesses. Their small size, structure, and ability to clump and attach to inanimate surfaces make viruses challenging to reduce or eliminate, especially in the presence of inorganic or organic soils. Besides traditional wet and dry methods of disinfection using chemicals and heat, emerging physical nonthermal decontamination techniques (irradiation, ultraviolet, pulsed light, high hydrostatic pressure, cold atmospheric plasma, and pulsed electric field), novel virucidal surfaces, and bioactive compounds are examined for their potential to inactivate viruses on the surfaces of foods or food contact surfaces (tools, equipment, hands, etc.). Every disinfection technique is discussed based on its efficiency against viruses, specific advantages and disadvantages, and limitations. Structure, genomic organization, and molecular biology of different virus strains are reviewed, as they are key in determining these techniques effectiveness in controlling all or specific foodborne viruses. Selecting suitable viral decontamination techniques requires that their antiviral mechanism of action and ability to reduce virus infectivity must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, details about critical treatments parameters essential to control foodborne viruses in a food production environment are discussed, as they are also determinative in defining best disinfection and hygiene practices preventing viral infection after consuming a food product. 相似文献
3.
4.
Suzuki-Miyaura (S-M) is regarded the most powerful way for synthesis biaryls, triaryls, or incorporating of substituted aryl moieties in organic preparation by the cross-coupling of aryl boronic acid with aryl halides using the Pd catalyst. This work reports the combining of the hydrothermal and microwave-assisted protocol to convert the glucose to magnetic carbon spheres (Fe3O4-CSPs) decorated with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) as the catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The physicochemical properties in the produced composite were examined using FESEM, HRTEM, nitrogen isotherms, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, and XRD. The as-fabricated composite Pd/Fe3O4-CSPs is mostly spherical with a core–shell structure and possesses a great surface area of 253.2 m2·g-1. Its catalytic performance demonstrates that the composite has excellent stability and high tolerance Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in 30 min at 80 ℃. Both activated and deactivated aryl halides provided excellent yield. The as-fabricated catalyst was recycled for up to four catalytic cycles without a substantial decline in performance. Moreover, this research offers a facile roadmap for synthesizing Pd/Fe3O4-CSPs composites and promoting the practical implementation of Pd/Fe3O4-CSPs catalysts for organic transformation processes. 相似文献
5.
Hamdy Mohamed S. Al-Zaqri Nabil Sahlabji Taher Eissa Murad Haija Mohammad Abu Alhanash Abdullah M. Alsalme Ali Alharthi Fahad A. Abboud Mohamed 《Catalysis Letters》2021,151(6):1612-1622
Catalysis Letters - To avoid the aggregation problem and activity loss of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) in organic reactions, NiO NPs were incorporated into TUD-1 mesoporous material.... 相似文献
6.
Moradi Marjan Rastakhiz Nahid Ghaedi Mehrorang Zhiani Rahele 《Catalysis Letters》2021,151(6):1653-1662
Catalysis Letters - Nitro-aromatic pollution in industrial waste streams threat wellbeing of water resources. This study investigates the performance of a copper-based nano catalyst to reduce... 相似文献
7.
Mohammad Bani Ismail Peramaiyan Rajendran Hamad Mohammed AbuZahra Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
Doxorubicin increases endothelial permeability, hence increasing cardiomyocytes’ exposure to doxorubicin (DOX) and exposing myocytes to more immediate damage. Reactive oxygen species are major effector molecules of doxorubicin’s activity. Mangiferin (MGN) is a xanthone derivative that consists of C-glucosylxanthone with additional antioxidant properties. This particular study assessed the effects of MGN on DOX-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells’ (HUVECs’) signaling networks. Mechanistically, MGN dramatically elevated Nrf2 expression at both the messenger RNA and protein levels through the upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to an increase in Nrf2-downstream genes. Cell apoptosis was assessed with a caspase-3 activity assay, transferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to assess DNA fragmentation, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. DOX markedly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, PARP, caspase-3, and TUNEL-positive cell numbers, but reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and antioxidants’ intracellular concentrations. These were effectively antagonized with MGN (20 μM), which led to HUVECs being protected against DOX-induced apoptosis, partly through the PI3K/AKT-mediated NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which could theoretically protect the vessels from severe DOX toxicity. 相似文献
8.
The role of starch aerogel (St-AG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as biolgical active compounds, when they subjected for complexation with metal ions, is assessed in this work. The complexation is carried out with palladium(II) and copper(II) ions, in solid state. Different tools of analysis are carried out to characterize and elucidate the structures of these complexes, namely: elemental analysis, IR, thermal analysis, magnetic measurement and molar conductance techniques. All synthesized complexes are formed with 1:2 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry except the case of aerogel starch 1:1 (Pd:starch). All isolated complexes show a satisfactory cytotoxic effect results against colon cancer cell lines HCT11. Additionally, these complexes are screened for their antibacterial activities against two types of Gram positive and negative bacteria. Molecular docking investigation confirmed the cytotoxicity and antibacterial results. Proton–ligands association constants and their complex formation constants with some bivalent metal ions, using potentiometric method show that the complexes formed in solution have a stoichiometry of 1:1 [metal:ligand]. The effects of metal ion, ionic radius, electronegativity and nature of ligand on the formation constants are discussed. The formation constants of the complexes with 3D transition metals followed the order Mn2+ < Co2+ < Ni2+ < Cu2+ > Zn2+. 相似文献
9.
Amirhossein Moghanian Saba Nasiripour Atiyyeh Koohfar Mohammad Sajjadnejad SeyedMohammad Hosseini Mohsen Taherkhani Zahra Miri Seyed Hesamedin Hosseini Mehrnaz Aminitabar Ali Rashvand 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2021,18(5):1430-1441
Bioactive glasses (BGs) have been used for bone formation and bone repair processes in recent years. This study investigated the titanium substitution effect on 58S BGs (Ti-BGs) 60SiO2-(36 − X)CaO-4P2O5-XTiO2 (X = 0, 3, and 5 mol.%) prepared by the sol-gel technique, and the main goal was to find the optimum amount of titanium in Ti-BGs. Synthesized BGs, which were investigated after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and antibacterial studies were employed to investigate the biological properties of Ti-BGs. According to the FTIR and XRD test results, hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on Ti-BGs surfaces was confirmed. Meanwhile, the presence of 5 mol.% compared to 3 mol.% increased the HA grain distribution and their size on the Ti-BGs surface. Additionally, MTT and ALP results confirmed that the optimal amount of titanium substitution in BG was 5 mol.%. Since 5 mol.% Ti incorporated BG (BG-5) had the highest biocompatibility level, antibacterial properties, maximum cell proliferation, and ALP activity among the synthesized Ti-BGs, it is presented as the best candidate for further in vivo investigations. 相似文献
10.