A novel visible spectrum images-based pedestrian detection and tracking system for surveillance in non-controlled environments

Multimedia Tools and Applications - For many vision applications, robust detection and tracking of pedestrians in image sequences are essential. In this paper, a hybrid system for pedestrian...     

Hybrid marine predators algorithm for image segmentation: analysis and validations

Naturally, to analyze an image accurately, all the similar objects within it should be separated to pay attention to the most important object for reaching more details and hence achieving better accuracy. Therefore, multilevel thresholding is an indispensable image processing technique in the field of image segmentation and is employed widely to separate those similar objects. However, with increasing thresholds, the existing image segmentation techniques might suffer from exponentially-grown computational cost and low accuracy due to local optima shortage. Therefore, in this paper, a new image segmentation algorithm based on the improved marine predators algorithm (MPA) is proposed. MPA is improved using a strategy to find a number of the worst solutions within the population then tries to search for other better ones for those solutions by moving them gradually towards the best solutions to avoid accelerating to local optima and randomly within the search space based on a certain probability. In addition, this number of the worst solutions is increased with the iteration. This strategy is known as the linearly increased worst solutions improvement strategy (LIS). Also, we suggested that apply the ranking strategy based on a novel updating scheme, namely ranking-based updating strategy (RUS), on the solutions that could find better solutions in the last number iterations, perIter, in the hope of finding better solutions near it. RUS updates the particles/solutions which could not find better solutions than the best-local one in a number of consecutive iterations, with those that are generated based on a novel updating strategy. LIS is integrated with MPA to produce a new segmentation meta-heuristic algorithm abbreviated as MPALS. Also, MPALS and RUS are combined to tackle ISP in a strong variant abbreviated as HMPA for overcoming the image segmentation problem. The two proposed algorithms are validated on 14 test images and compared with seven state-of-the-arts meta-heuristic algorithms. The experimental results show the effectiveness of HMPA with increasing the threshold levels compared to the seven state-of-the-arts algorithms when segmenting an image, while their performance is roughly the same for the image with a small threshold level.

     

A hybrid GA and PSO optimized approach for heart-disease prediction based on random forest

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Nowadays, heart diseases are significantly contributing to deaths all over the world. Thus, heart-disease prediction has garnered considerable attention in the...     

Semi-blind channel estimation based on modified CMA and unitary scrambling for massive MIMO systems

Pilot contamination is one of the main impairments in multi-cell massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output systems. In order to improve the channel estimation in this context, we propose to use a semi-blind channel estimator based on the constant modulus algorithm (CMA). We consider an enhanced version of the CMA namely the Modified CMA which modifies the cost function of the CMA algorithm to the sum of cost functions for real and imaginary parts. Due to pilot contamination, the channel estimator may estimate the channel of a contaminating user instead of that of the user of interest (the user for which the Base Station wants to estimate the channel and then the data). To avoid this, we propose to scramble the users sequences before transmission. We consider different methods to perform unitary scrambling based on rotating the transmitted symbols (one Dimensional (1-D) scrambling) and using unitary matrices (two-Dimensional (2-D) scrambling). At the base station, the received sequence of the user of interest is descrambled leading to a better convergence of the channel estimator. We also consider the case where the Automatic Repeat reQuest protocol is used. In this case, using scrambling leads to a significant gain in terms of BLock Error Rate due to the change of the contaminating users data from one transmission to another induced by scrambling.

     

Deep Learning Based Process Analytics Model for Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Process analytics is one of the popular research domains that advanced in the recent years. Process analytics encompasses identification, monitoring, and improvement of the processes through knowledge extraction from historical data. The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Electronic Health Records (EHRs) revolutionized the medical practice. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a syndrome characterized by the lack of insulin secretion. If not diagnosed and managed at early stages, it may produce severe outcomes and at times, death too. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) are the most common, long-term and life-threatening diseases caused by T2DM. Therefore, it becomes inevitable to predict the risks of CKD and CHD in T2DM patients. The current research article presents automated Deep Learning (DL)-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) with Adagrad Optimization Algorithm i.e., DNN-AGOA model to predict CKD and CHD risks in T2DM patients. The paper proposes a risk prediction model for T2DM patients who may develop CKD or CHD. This model helps in alarming both T2DM patients and clinicians in advance. At first, the proposed DNN-AGOA model performs data preprocessing to improve the quality of data and make it compatible for further processing. Besides, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is employed for feature extraction, after which sigmoid function is used for classification. Further, Adagrad optimizer is applied to improve the performance of DNN model. For experimental validation, benchmark medical datasets were used and the results were validated under several dimensions. The proposed model achieved a maximum precision of 93.99%, recall of 94.63%, specificity of 73.34%, accuracy of 92.58%, and F-score of 94.22%. The results attained through experimentation established that the proposed DNN-AGOA model has good prediction capability over other methods.     

Fe3O4-carbon spheres core–shell supported palladium nanoparticles: A robust and recyclable catalyst for suzuki coupling reaction

Suzuki-Miyaura (S-M) is regarded the most powerful way for synthesis biaryls, triaryls, or incorporating of substituted aryl moieties in organic preparation by the cross-coupling of aryl boronic acid with aryl halides using the Pd catalyst. This work reports the combining of the hydrothermal and microwave-assisted protocol to convert the glucose to magnetic carbon spheres (Fe₃O₄-CSPs) decorated with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) as the catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The physicochemical properties in the produced composite were examined using FESEM, HRTEM, nitrogen isotherms, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, and XRD. The as-fabricated composite Pd/Fe₃O₄-CSPs is mostly spherical with a core–shell structure and possesses a great surface area of 253.2 m²·g^-1. Its catalytic performance demonstrates that the composite has excellent stability and high tolerance Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in 30 min at 80 ℃. Both activated and deactivated aryl halides provided excellent yield. The as-fabricated catalyst was recycled for up to four catalytic cycles without a substantial decline in performance. Moreover, this research offers a facile roadmap for synthesizing Pd/Fe₃O₄-CSPs composites and promoting the practical implementation of Pd/Fe₃O₄-CSPs catalysts for organic transformation processes.     

Instant Cyclohexene Epoxidation Over Ni-TUD-1 Under Ambient Conditions

Catalysis Letters - To avoid the aggregation problem and activity loss of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) in organic reactions, NiO NPs were incorporated into TUD-1 mesoporous material....     

Fluorescent Polyimide Films Produced with Diatomite and Mesoporous Silica as Promising High-Tech Material

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - Due to their excellent properties, polymides (PIs) result promising as high-performance materials in different technological fields....     

Bioceramic composites for orthopaedic applications: A comprehensive review of mechanical,biological, and microstructural properties

Bioceramics have been widely utilized for orthopaedic applications in which the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the materials are vital characteristics to be considered for their clinical use. Till date, extensive studies have been devoted to developing a range of scientific ways for tailoring the microstructure of bioceramics in order to attain the trade-off of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the final product. Owing to low reactivity, earlier stabilization and longer functional life of bioceramic, the developed implants are capable of replicating the mechanical behaviour of original bone. As the safety of the patient and its ultimate functionality are the ultimate goal of the selected implant material hence, the present literature survey investigates and brings forth the important aspects associated to the mechanical, biological and microstructural characteristics of bioceramics employed in orthopaedic applications. The review paper majorly focuses on effective utilization of various materials as an additive in bioceramics and processing techniques used for enhancement of properties, enabling the use of material in orthopaedic applications. The influence of various additives on the microstructure, mechanical properties and biological performance of developed bioceramics orthopaedic implants has been elaborately discussed. Furthermore, future prospects are proposed to promote further innovations in bioceramics research.     

Environmentally Friendly Graphene Inks for Touch Screen Sensors

Graphene-based materials have attracted significant attention in many technological fields, but scaling up graphene-based technologies still faces substantial challenges. High-throughput top-down methods generally require hazardous, toxic, and high-boiling-point solvents. Here, an efficient and inexpensive strategy is proposed to produce graphene dispersions by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) through a combination of shear-mixing (SM) and tip sonication (TS) techniques, yielding highly concentrated graphene inks compatible with spray coating. The quality of graphene flakes (e.g., lateral size and thickness) and their concentration in the dispersions are compared using different spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Several approaches (individual SM and TS, and their combination) are tested in three solvents (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, and cyrene). Interestingly, the combination of SM and TS in cyrene yields high-quality graphene dispersions, overcoming the environmental issues linked to the other two solvents. Starting from the cyrene dispersion, a graphene-based ink is prepared to spray-coat flexible electrodes and assemble a touch screen prototype. The electrodes feature a low sheet resistance (290 Ω □⁻¹) and high optical transmittance (78%), which provide the prototype with a high signal-to-noise ratio (14 dB) and multi-touch functionality (up to four simultaneous touches). These results illustrate a potential pathway toward the integration of LPE-graphene in commercial flexible electronics.