《核反应和电离辐射的量和单位》国家标准的修订

《核反应和电离辐射的量和单位》国家标准的修订陈丽姝（中国原子能科学研究院，北京，１０２４１３）１９８２年国家标准总局批准发布了我国第一套１５项各科学技术领域中使用的量和单位的国家标准（ＧＢ３１００，ＧＢ３１０１以及ＧＢ３１０２．１－ＧＢ３１０２．１３...     

制定核科学领域量和单位国家标准的依据

本文阐述了制定核科学领域量和单位两项国标的原则和依据。引进了物理量名称新的构间法和定名导则。对某些重要物理量的概念作了说明。从与ISO国际标准、国际辐射单位与测量委员会推荐的量相比较中说明了该标准的特点。     

ALANINE/ESR DOSIMETRY FOR MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON DOSES IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

In this report, the results of preliminary research on L-alanine/ESR electron dosimeters are described. They include the designs of modelling tools and experimental capsules, the preparation and irradiation of very thin dosimeters, the measurement of ESR signal spectrum and the calibration method. The physical, chemical and dosimetric properties of the alanine free radical dosimeters, such as the smallest thickness, average density, lowest detectable limit, repeatability of the method, reproducibility resulted in directivity and location in resonance cavity, linearity regions as well as relative scattering of the response to identical doses, are summarized.     

关于法定计量单位外的某些非国际单位制单位

国务院通过的《全面推行我国法定计量单位的意见》第(二)条第10款中已说明:“个别科学技术领域中,如有特殊需要,可使用某些非法定计量单位,但必须与有关国际组织规定的名称、符号相一致”,这些国际组织在其专门领域中决定现在暂时保留的计量单位虽不是我国的法定计量单位,仍可在我国继续     

A SPHERICAL GRAPHITE IONIZATION CHAMBER

This paper describes an exposure ratemeter made of graphite ion chamber. The sensitive volume is 14 cm~3. The wall is 5 mm in thickness. The DC amplifier with a high input impedance consists of several stage differential amplifications, and is used for measurement of the ionization currents. Six ranges are able to cover a wide range of exposure rates. The full scale of the maximum range is 75 C/(kg·h). The lowest measurable limit is 5 mC/(kg·h). The zero drift within 8 h is less than 5% of each full scale. This instrument provides with a relatively convenient method for the measurement. The main advantages of the ionization chamber over other methods lie in rapidity and accuracy, and the change in radiation field with time can be indicated directly. It is particularly successful in acting as a routine dosimeter under high exposure rates.     

RESEARCH ON FADING CHARACTERISTICS OF ALANINE/ESR DOSIMETERS IN HIGH DOSE RANGE

The present work has dealt extensively and systematically with the fading characteristics of polystyrene-alanine dosimeters irradiated at different dose rates and total doses under various temperatures (10-70 ℃) and stored a period of time in different conditions (5, 25, room temperature, 40 ℃). Detail investigation on this effect in practical irradiation condition is very important. Because it is difficult to correct this effect using correction coefficients so far. So the temperature coefficients and fading rates have been given along with a lot of experimental data to try to make approximation of radical formation or decay behavior.     

辐射变色薄膜剂量计光敏效应研究

测定了太阳，日光灯，紫外灯光源的光谱特性，确定了各种光源光照度随距离的变化关系。研究了辐射变色薄膜剂量计暴露于上述光源及人自然光源下，单位厚度光密度变化与暴露时间的关系，说明了不同光尖对响应影响的程度并指出如何控制这类无法进行修正的影响因素。     

纪念放射性发现一百周年（二）

纪念放射性发现一百周年（二）中国原子能科学研究院陈丽姝年代重大事件１９０３（１）建立衰变的定量规律，引入半衰期Ｔ１／２概念。（２）爱因斯坦（ＡｌｂｅｒｔＥｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ）的光电效应论文，引入了光量子（光子能量Ｅ＝ｈｖ）概念。１９０４巴克拉（Ｇｌｏｖｅ...