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目前我国对工业企业多实行园区化管理,集中废水处理厂是工业园区发展的重要基础设施。工业园区集中废水处理厂对废水处理的要求高,污染物排放标准严格,但进水水质水量变化大,且影响水质水量变化的不确定因素多,使得废水处理从工艺技术到运行管理都具有较强的针对性和特殊性要求,项目技术难度高、投资大。采用BOT模式实施园区集中废水处理项目,风险主要包括:政策及法律风险、经济及金融风险、BOT模式设计缺陷产生的风险、工程建设风险和技术风险等。对于这些风险应充分考虑其特点并加以防范。 相似文献
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In this paper, the AC-excited helium discharges generated between the powered needle electrode enclosed in a conical quartz tube and the grounded de-ionized water electrode are investigated.The current and voltage waveforms exhibit a transition from the glow-like to streamer-like mode discharges, which forms a stable cone-shaped structure at the gas–liquid interface. In this region,the air and water vapor diffusion initiate various physical–chemical processes leading to substantial changes of the primary species emission intensities(e.g., OH, N_2, NO, and O) and the rotational temperatures. The experimentally measured rotational temperature at the gas–liquid interface is 870 K from the N_2(C–B) band with a power input of 26 W. With the prolongation of the discharge time, significant changes in the discharge voltage and current, discharge emission patterns, instantaneous concentrations of the secondary species(e.g., H_2O_2,NO_2~-, and NO_3~-) in the liquid phase, p H values and electrical conductivities of the liquids are observed experimentally. The present study is helpful for deepening the understandings to the basic physical–chemical processes in the discharges in contact with liquids, especially to those occurring in the vicinity of the gas–liquid interface, and also for promoting existing and potential applications of such type of discharges in the fields of environmental protection, biomedicine,agriculture, and so on. 相似文献
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