Thermal analysis of EAST neutral beam injectors for long-pulse beam operation

Two sets of neutral beam injectors(NBI-1 and NBI-2) have been mounted on the EAST tokamak since 2014. NBI-1 and NBI-2 are co-direction and counter-direction, respectively. As with indepth physics and engineering study of EAST, the ability of long pulse beam injection should be required in the NBI system. For NBIs, the most important and difficult thing that should be overcome is heat removal capacity of heat loaded components for long-pulse beam extraction. In this article, the thermal state of the components of EAST NBI is investigated using water flow calorimetry and thermocouple temperatures. Results show that(1) operation parameters have an obvious influence on the heat deposited on the inner components of the beamline,(2) a suitable operation parameter can decrease the heat loading effectively and obtain longer beam pulse length, and(3) under the cooling water pressure of 0.25 MPa, the predicted maximum beam pulse length will be up to 260 s with 50 keV beam energy by a duty factor of 0.5. The results present that, in this regard, the EAST NBI-1 system has the ability of long-pulse beam injection.     

关于超光速的一种准确表述

从两个相对运动坐标系的速度变换关系,说明了一切实物粒子与场超光速的不可实现性,揭示了爱因斯坦狭义相对论的一个隐含内容。然后从色散介质中相速度与群速度的关系,讨论了相速度和群速度超光速的可能性。从而给出了关于超光速问题的一个较为准确的表述。     

EAST中性束注入器束中性化区气流模拟分析

中性束注入(Neutral Beam Injection)加热是磁约束核聚变装置上主要的辅助加热手段。强流离子束中性化是中性束注入的关键步骤,它直接决定了中性束的注入功率,进而影响对等离子体的加热效果。本文分析了EAST中性束注入器束中性化区的气流特性,发展了基于直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法的气流模拟程序,并用于EAST中性束注入器束中性化区的模拟分析和优化设计。     

EAST中性束注入器稳态偏转磁铁的参数设计与估算研究

中性束注入器偏转磁铁是剥离束流中剩余离子的关键设备,它与剩余离子吞食器等内部部件构成了中性束注入器的束偏转系统。束偏转系统的性能对中性束注入器束流的品质及其束传输效率发挥着重要作用。本文根据EAST(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak,EAST)中性束注入器对束偏转系统的要求,对其偏转磁铁各性能参数进行了估算。为中性束注入器设计了一台用以剩余离子180°偏转的偏转磁铁。该偏转磁铁采用H型二极电磁铁结构;其磁极端面设计为138cm×47cm的圆角矩形结构;其线圈设计为每侧2饼,每饼2层,每层8根的串联结构,导线选用外方内圆空心铜导体,以满足偏转磁铁稳态运行的需要。该设计的偏转磁铁在370 A励磁电流条件下,可提供80keV氘离子束偏转所需的磁场。实验测试结果显示:500 A励磁电流稳态运行条件下,偏转磁铁线圈冷却水温升约21.5℃,该设计结构的偏转磁铁满足EAST中性束注入器满参数稳态运行和未来运行参数逐步提高的需要。     

Calculation of Beam Intensity Distribution for the Neutral Beam Injection in EAST

Theoretical beam intensity distribution is derived for the neutral-beam-injection ion source with a multi-slot extraction in EAST. The beam intensity profile, b...     

基于多元线性回归模型的中性束质子比分析

中性束质子比的高低对其注入等离子体后的加热效果具有重要的影响。实验中,强流离子源的灯丝电压、弧压、进气量等宏观运行参数决定了中性束质子比的大小。以东方超环中性束注入测试台束引出实验为基础,利用多元线性回归模型对引出中性束质子比进行分析,建立了影响中性束质子比的预测方程,并对该模型的正确性进行了检验。结果表明,中性束质子比可利用以灯丝电压和弧压为自变量的多元线性回归模型进行分析,灯丝电压是影响质子比的关键参数,弧压次之。     

无氧铜表面玻璃绝缘层烧制工艺研究

为解决天线内置型射频等离子体中无氧铜线圈的匝间绝缘问题,本文研究了一种能够在无氧铜表面烧制玻璃绝缘层的工艺,并详细研究该工艺中不同表面处理方式、粘结剂、烧制温度等因素对玻璃绝缘层性能的影响。结果表明：对无氧铜表面进行酸洗预处理相对于碱洗能够显著提高低温釉料在铜表面的润湿性,减少绝缘层表面“孔隙”的产生;同时添加适量的Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O粘结剂能够改善玻璃绝缘层与铜表面的界面结合效果,并提高玻璃绝缘层表面的硬度;此外,绝缘层表面硬度随着烧制温度的升高逐步提高,且绝缘层表面的“孔隙”数量逐步减少;最终根据该工艺制备了表面烧制玻璃绝缘层的无氧铜线圈天线,实现了长时间的放电维持,有效解决了放电过程中匝间的绝缘问题。     

EAST中性束注入射频离子源放电模拟研究

中性束注入加热是核聚变中非常重要的一种辅助加热手段,离子源所能达到的性能决定了东方超环(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, EAST)中性束注入所能达到的指标。为了实现长脉冲和高功率加热的需求,采用射频离子源取代传统的热阴极离子源已成为未来离子源发展的一种趋势。本文对射频离子源的结构设计和放电特性进行了理论模拟研究,给出了线圈匝数、匝间距、驱动器尺寸、放电气压和射频功率等参数与等离子体参数间的关系,为接下来射频离子源的研制和实验奠定一定的理论基础。     

R&D progress of high power ion source on EAST-NBI

The neutral beam injector(NBI) system was designed and developed mainly for the plasma heating on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). The high power ion source is the key part of the NBI. A hot cathode ion source was used on the EAST-NBI. The ion source was conditioned on the ion source test bed with hydrogen gas and achieved the designed parameters. The deuterium gas was used when it moved to the EAST-NBI. The main performance of the ion source on EAST is presented in this paper. The highest beam power of 4.5 MW in NBI-1 and 2.75 MW in NBI-2 was achieved. The total neutral beam power is about 4.5 MW. The long pulse beam of 100 s is injected into the EAST plasma too.     

Analysis of the characteristics of the plasma of an RF driven ion source for a neutral beam injector

A radio frequency(RF)driven ion source is a very important component of a neutral beam injector for large magnetic confinement fusion devices.In order to study the key technology and physics of an RF driven ion source for a neutral beam injector in China,an RF ion source test facility was developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.In this paper,a two-dimensional fluid model is used to simulate the fundamental physical characteristics of RF plasma discharge.Simulation results show the relationship of the characteristics of plasma(such as electron density and electron temperature)and RF power and gas pressure.In order to verify the effectiveness of the model,the characteristics of the plasma are investigated using a Langmuir probe.In this paper,experimental and simulation results are presented,and the possible reasons for the discrepancies between them are given.This paper can help us understand the characteristics of RF plasma discharge,and give a basis for further R&D for an RF ion source.