Secure electronic data interchange over the Internet

The electronic data interchange over the Internet (EDI-INT) standards provide a secure means of transporting EDI and XML business documents over the Internet. EDI-INT includes different implementation protocols that work over the Internet's three major transports - SMTP, HTTP, and FTP. Each uses secure multipurpose Internet mail extensions (S/MIME), digital signatures, encryption, and message-receipt validation to ensure the necessary security for business-to-business communications.     

Generation of infrared radiation by Raman scattering and difference frequency mixing with a Nd:YAG pump

A repetitivelyQ-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to produce "eye-safe" radiation near 1.55 μm by stimulated Raman scattering in acetonitrile and in methane with photon conversion efficiencies of 14 percent and 22 percent, respectively. The laser and Stokes beams were mixed in lithium niobate to obtain 6-kW peak power pulses at the difference frequency near 3.4 μm with a photon conversion efficiency of 1.1 percent.